Characterization of temperate cyanophages active against freshwater phycocyanin‐rich <i>Synechococcus</i> species

Dillon, Amanda; Parry, Jacqueline D.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01938.x

Cited by 42 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Prophages can also be induced by exposure to different environmental stimuli as pollutants, metals, sunlight, UV irradiation, nutrient deficiency or pressure changes (Jiang and Paul, ; Cochran et al ., ; McDaniel et al ., ; Aertsen et al ., ; Lee et al ., ). In addition, induction of some lysogenic freshwater cyanophages in laboratory conditions requires the use of mitomycin C at 20 μg/ml (Dillon and Parry, ), and therefore, the mitomycin C concentration and the environmental stressors used in this study might not have been enough to produce a SOS response in WH8016.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel uncultured marine cyanophage lineage with lysogenic potential linked to a putative marine Synechococcus ‘relic’ prophage

Flores‐Uribe

Philosof

Sharon

et al. 2019

Environ Microbiol Rep

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Summary Marine cyanobacteria are important contributors to primary production in the ocean and their viruses (cyanophages) affect the ocean microbial communities. Despite reports of lysogeny in marine cyanobacteria, a genome sequence of such temperate cyanophages remains unknown although genomic analysis indicate potential for lysogeny in certain marine cyanophages. Using assemblies from Red Sea and Tara Oceans metagenomes, we recovered genomes of a novel uncultured marine cyanophage lineage, which contain, in addition to common cyanophage genes, a phycobilisome degradation protein NblA, an integrase and a split DNA polymerase. The DNA polymerase forms a monophyletic clade with a DNA polymerase from a genomic island in Synechococcus WH8016. The island contains a relic prophage that does not resemble any previously reported cyanophage but shares several genes with the newly identified cyanophages reported here. Metagenomic recruitment indicates that the novel cyanophages are widespread, albeit at low abundance. Here, we describe a novel potentially lysogenic cyanophage family, their abundance and distribution in the marine environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel uncultured marine cyanophage lineage with lysogenic potential linked to a putative marine Synechococcus ‘relic’ prophage

Flores‐Uribe

Philosof

Sharon

et al. 2019

Environ Microbiol Rep

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“…Synechococcus sp. S-KH5 (Dillon & Parry 2008) was grown in BG11 broth (Stanier et al 1971) Sherr et al (1987). Before use, all prey types were sonicated for 10 min and cell concentrations were determined by epifluorescence microscopy (blue excitation).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digestion of bacteria by the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Thurman¹,

Drinkall²,

Parry³

2010

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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The digestion of heat-killed/stained Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mesorhizobium sp. and Staphylococcus aureus was monitored within one food vacuole passage time in the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis using the pulse chase technique. Prey digestion proceeded in 2 phases: a digestive phase which lasted ~25 min and a defecation competent phase that showed limited digestive activity and was variable in length. The number of prey cells per food vacuole was found to influence the effectiveness of prey digestion. Complete digestion of the vacuole content was more likely to occur when the number of prey per vacuole averaged ~6 or less. At higher levels, only partial digestion of the vacuole content was recorded and some undigested prey were egested from the ciliate cell. A strain of Synechococcus sp. was never digested by this ciliate. Results suggest that bacteria do not necessarily require elaborate mechanisms to evade digestion by protozoa, as possessed by some pathogenic bacteria, but that inefficiency in the protozoan digestive system is all that is required to allow the release of undigested, apparently unharmed prey from their cells. Thus, models on carbon cycling which employ data on protistan ingestion rates alone should consider accounting for digestion efficiency and the subsequent effect of prey concentration, because prey carbon might not always be transferred efficiently to higher trophic levels.

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“…Viral-induced mortality can also be counted by electron transmission microscopy [25] or throughout the modified dilution method [26,27] using flow cytometry. On the other hand, so far, the lysogenic cycle has been well described only in heterotrophic prokaryotic hosts [7] in contrast to autotrophs [28] even if the integration of a virus genome (circular dsDNA virus of 320 kb) into host genome has been reported for the macroalgae Ectocarpus siliculosus [29]. A similar situation to lysogeny results from a carrier state or pseudolysogeny [7], where a virus is latent in the host cell but is not integrated into the host genome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Strategies and mechanisms of resistance to viruses in photosynthetic aquatic microorganisms

Thomas¹,

Jacquet²,

Grimsley³

et al. 2012

Advances in Oceanography and Limnology

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Surviving viral attack is essential for any species to avoid its irreversible removal from the ecosystem, and microbes must involve the resistance or susceptibility of individual cells. The co-existence between viruses and their hosts has led to the evolution of complex viral attack and host defence strategies. We review the state of the art about our understanding of resistance to viruses in aquatic eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms for which no synthesis has been provided yet, with comparisons to what is known for (cyano)bacteria or archaea. We discuss the cost of viral resistance to host cells, pointing out why it is important to consider its effect in studies of aquatic ecosystems, and how this may lead to a better understanding of population growth, structure, succession and blooms. The evolutionary consequences of resistance in the host-virus interactions are then reviewed, before considering possible perspectives for future research

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Characterization of temperate cyanophages active against freshwater phycocyanin‐rich Synechococcus species

Cited by 42 publications

References 50 publications

A novel uncultured marine cyanophage lineage with lysogenic potential linked to a putative marine Synechococcus ‘relic’ prophage

A novel uncultured marine cyanophage lineage with lysogenic potential linked to a putative marine Synechococcus ‘relic’ prophage

Digestion of bacteria by the freshwater ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis

Strategies and mechanisms of resistance to viruses in photosynthetic aquatic microorganisms

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