Characterization of the Body Weight-Decreasing Toxicities in Mice by the Lymphocytosis-Promoting Factor and the Heat-Labile Toxin of B. Pertussis and Endotoxin

Abstract

SUMMARY:By the use of partially purified preparations of three toxic substances, the lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF) and the heat-labile toxin of Bordetella pertussis and the endotoxin of Escherichia coli, their characteristics in body weight-decreasing toxicity and lethal toxicity in mice following the intraperitoneal inoculation were analysed. Characteristics were noted in the pattern of daily body weight change in mice as well as in the regression of the body weight change on log dose of the preparation.Moreover, distinctive interactions were demonstrated when two or three of the above substances co-existed. These interactions make it difficult to determine quantitatively each substance in a mixture.Distribution of death time of mice following the intraperitoneal inoculation of LPF preparations was distinguishable from that of heat-labile toxin or endotoxin preparations.A distinctive interaction in lethal toxicity was also observed. Possible methods for qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of each substance were discussed.

Reducing the endotoxic activity of pertussis vaccine

“…These methods have been only partially successful and vaccine reactions due to endotoxin remain common. This is particularly true of pertussis vaccine (Ishida, 1968;Kurokawa et al 1968Kurokawa et al , 1969Pieroni & Levine, 1976) which ranks second only to cholera vaccine in terms of endotoxin content. In the present study a novel approach to the problem was explored and de-endotoxification was attempted through the use of the powerful endotoxin disruptor and inactivator polymyxin (Lopes & Inniss, 1969;Cooperstock, 1974;Corrigan & Bell, 1971;From et al 1972;Bannatyne, Harnett & Cheung, 1977;Bannatyne & Cheung, 1979).…”

Attempts at Analysis of Toxicity of Pertussis Vaccine

“…In addition to S105, a centrifugal supernatant at 105,000g of sonicated cells of B. pertussis phase I (strain Tohama) (Ishida, 1968), two further purified preparations of HLT, Ex76 and K-1, were used. Ex76 was obtained by chromatography of S105 on a DEAE cellulose column (Sato and Nagase, personal communication*).…”

“…The sources and the properties of the endotoxin (WE-1) and the LPF preparation (78E) were described (Ishida, 1968).…”

“…The heat-labile toxin (HLT) of Bordetella pertussis can be titrated by injecting into mice and determining the resulting body weight loss or lethality (Ishida , 1968). It is often difficult, however, to discriminate the body weight loss (and death) from HLT or endotoxin (Ishida, 1968;Kurokawa et al ., 1968).…”

“…It is often difficult, however, to discriminate the body weight loss (and death) from HLT or endotoxin (Ishida, 1968;Kurokawa et al ., 1968). If an HLT material contains endotoxin at a certain proportion, HLT has to be titrated by the skin reaction.…”