Characterization of the bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein gene family – analysis of gene sequences, regulatory regions within the promoter and expression of selected genes

Telugu, Bhanu P.; Walker, Angela M.; Green, Jonathan A.

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-10-185

Cited by 81 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 59 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One exception in the ancient group was PAG2, which was expressed predominantly in the cotyledon. Regarding PAG2, our findings were consistent with those of Telugu et al (2009). However, because their study was restricted to the cotyledon, a strict comparison of PAG expression profiles throughout the gestation between our results and those from Green's group (Telugu et al 2009) would have been meaningless.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Pseudogenes were excluded from this study. As previously shown (Telugu et al 2009), we determined that PAG22 (AY911498) was PAG2 (NM_176614). Transcript-specific PCR primer couples were designed using the eprimer3 program of EMBOSS 6.3.1 software using the 'Primer3 mispriming library' section (Rice et al 2000).…”

Section: Design and Validation Of Gene-specific Pcr Primersmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Using RNAse protection assays, one study reported that different PAG genes displayed different temporal patterns of expression during gestation, but it did not provide any information on the quantitative expression of transcripts and no data were collected with respect to the intercotyledonary chorion. Only two previous studies attempted to characterize and quantify the relative expression of PAG in the bovine placenta throughout gestation (Patel et al 2004b, Telugu et al 2009). Green's group (Telugu et al 2009) in the placental cotyledons, and only the ancient group of PAGs was examined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only two previous studies attempted to characterize and quantify the relative expression of PAG in the bovine placenta throughout gestation (Patel et al 2004b, Telugu et al 2009). Green's group (Telugu et al 2009) in the placental cotyledons, and only the ancient group of PAGs was examined. In our work, we were able to report that the expression of all PAGs increased as gestation progressed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because modern PAGs have been widely used as pregnancy markers to detect gravid cows, considerable attention has been paid to describing PAGs in the maternal circulation (Sasser et al 1986, Mialon et al 1993. Many other studies have focused on the characterization of PAGs in the cotyledon (Xie et al 1991, Klisch & Leiser 2003, Wooding et al 2005, Telugu et al 2009) as the principal placental region that produces modern PAGs for delivery into the maternal blood flow. There is relevant evidence in favour of PAG expression in the intercotyledonary chorion (Patel et al 2004b, Wooding et al 2005.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

Touzard¹,

Reinaud²,

Dubois³

et al. 2013

Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) constitute a multigenic family of aspartic proteinases expressed in the trophoblast of the ruminant placenta. In Bos taurus, this family comprises 21 members segregated into ancient and modern phylogenetic groups. Ancient PAGs have been reported to be synthesized throughout the trophoblastic cell layer whereas modern PAGs are produced by binucleate cells of cotyledons. The aim of this study was to investigate modern and ancient PAGs during gestation in cotyledonary and intercotyledonary tissues. To obtain convincing and innovative results despite the high sequence identity shared between PAGs, we designed specific tools such as amplification primers and antibodies. Using real-time RT-PCR, we described the transcript expression of 16 bovine PAGs. Overall, PAGs are characterized by an increase in their expression during gestation. However, we demonstrated a segregation of modern PAGs in cotyledons and of ancient PAGs in the intercotyledonary chorion, except for the ancient PAG2 expressed in cotyledons. By raising specific antibodies against the modern PAG1 and ancient PAG11 and PAG2, we established the expression kinetics of the proteins using western blotting. Immunohistochemistry showed that PAGs were produced by specific cellular populations: PAG1 by binucleate cells in the whole trophoblastic layer, PAG11 was localized in binucleate cells of the intercotyledonary trophoblast and the chorionic plate of the cotyledon, while PAG2 was produced in mononucleate cells of the internal villi of the cotyledon. These results revealed a highly specific regulation of PAG expression and cell localization as a function of their phylogenetic status, suggesting distinct biological functions within placental tissues.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Design and Validation Of Gene-specific Pcr Primersmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

Touzard¹,

Reinaud²,

Dubois³

et al. 2013

Reproduction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

mRNA expression profiling in cotyledons reveals significant up‐regulation of the two bovine pregnancy‐associated glycoprotein genes boPAG‐8 and boPAG‐11 in early gestation

Wiedemann

Krebs

Momberg

et al. 2018

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The multigene family of pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) belongs to a group of aspartic proteases that are exclusively expressed by trophoblast cells in the placenta of even‐toed ungulates. In Bovidae, 22 different PAG genes (boPAGs) with a wide range of temporal and spatial expression‐ and glycosylation patterns have been reported to date. In this study we describe the mRNA expression patterns using real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) for selected modern (boPAG‐1, ‐9, ‐21) and ancient bovine PAGs (boPAG‐2, ‐8, ‐10, ‐11, ‐12) in cotyledonary tissue. The highest mean expression was detected in boPAG‐8 and lowest in boPAG‐10 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, boPAG‐8 and ‐11 were significantly greater expressed in early gestation compared with later pregnancy stages. The characterization of boPAG mRNA‐expression levels gives important insights for further protein analyses which will be valuable information for the development of new pregnancy detection systems.

show abstract

Serum pregnancy–associated glycoprotein profiles during early gestation in Karya and Konya Merino sheep

Akköse,

Çınar,

Yazlık

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundReported as being expressed by mono‐ and binucleate placental cells, pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are released into the blood circulation from the ruminant placenta. Circulating gestational PAGs levels may differ between sheep breeds.ObjectiveThis study was aimed at the close monitoring of the serum PAGs profiles of Karya and Konya Merino sheep during early pregnancy.MethodsFifteen Karya and 15 Konya Merino ewes were synchronized by a 12‐day treatment with progesterone‐impregnated intravaginal sponges. After the sponges were withdrawn, the ewes were administered 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin. The ewes were allowed to mate naturally, and all animals were sampled for blood as of the day of mating (day 0) at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Pregnancy diagnoses were made by transabdominal ultrasonography at week 5. At weeks 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11, blood samples were collected only from the pregnant ewes. The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 × g, and extracted sera were stored at −20°C until being used for laboratory analyses. Serum PAGs levels were determined with the aid of a commercial PAG‐enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test originally developed for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle. Differences in the between the PAGs levels throughout pregnancy and the group effect (Karya and Konya Merino) were determined with a two‐way mixed analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons were made using a Bonferroni adjustment.ResultsPAGs levels showed a linear increase with the advance of pregnancy in both Karya and Konya Merino sheep. No difference was detected between the breeds for serum PAGs levels. The serum PAGs levels of the pregnant and non‐pregnant ewes differed as of the fourth week.ConclusionThe serum PAGs levels of the Karya and Konya Merino ewes were similar during the first 11 weeks of gestation, and pregnancy diagnosis could be made based on serum PAGs levels as of the 4th week in both breeds.

show abstract

Characterization of the bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein gene family – analysis of gene sequences, regulatory regions within the promoter and expression of selected genes

Cited by 81 publications

References 59 publications

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

Specific expression patterns and cell distribution of ancient and modern PAG in bovine placenta during pregnancy

mRNA expression profiling in cotyledons reveals significant up‐regulation of the two bovine pregnancy‐associated glycoprotein genes boPAG‐8 and boPAG‐11 in early gestation

Serum pregnancy–associated glycoprotein profiles during early gestation in Karya and Konya Merino sheep

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About