Characterization of the Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens glgB gene, which encodes a glycogen-branching enzyme with starch-clearing activity

Rumbak, Elaine; Rawlings, Douglas E.; Lindsey, George G.; Woods, David R.

doi:10.1128/jb.173.21.6732-6741.1991

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Significant similarity was also noted between spoVJ of Bacillus subtilis (5) and a partial sequence of a gene adjacent to glgB in Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens (28). Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed several regions of invariant residues among the CbbX-like sequences, including a putative ATP binding site situated at position 75 in the R. sphaeroides sequence (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Although the function is not known, cbbX shows a rather broad distribution in CBB cycle gene clusters, insofar as a related sequence has been identified downstream from a chloroplast RubisCO coding sequence in a red alga (18) in addition to its presence in chemoautotrophic bacterial gene clusters (19,23). Interestingly, cbbX also has considerable sequence similarity with genes in unrelated systems, e.g., spoVJ, which is involved in some unknown way in sporulation in B. subtilis (5), and a gene adjacent to a glycogen-branching enzyme gene cluster in Butyrovibrio fibrisolvens (28). Although the functions of the gene products in these two systems are unknown, a role specific to CBB cycle function can reasonably be ruled out.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the cbbXYZ operon in Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Gibson

Tabita

1997

J Bacteriol

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Three genes, cbbX, cbbY, and cbbZ were found downstream from the form I ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) genes of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. As in chemoautotrophic bacteria, cbbZ was shown to encode phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP), whereas the identities of cbbX and cbbY are not known. To determine the physiological function of the cbbXYZ gene products, we constructed R. sphaeroides strains in which the genes were inactivated and characterized the resultant mutant strains according to growth phenotype and levels of RubisCO and PGP. Only a mutation in cbbX resulted in a discernible phenotype, namely, impaired photoautotrophic growth. No PGP activity was observed in any of the mutants, suggesting that the three genes are transcriptionally linked. Studies with a spontaneous chemoautotrophic competent derivative of the CBBX mutant suggested that the cbbXYZ gene products are not essential for chemoautotrophic growth. PGP activity determined in the wild-type strain grown under a variety of growth conditions, and in various strains containing mutations in Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle structural and regulatory genes, indicated that transcription of the cbb I operon influenced expression of the downstream cbbXYZ operon.Purple nonsulfur photosynthetic bacteria have the capacity to grow under a diverse range of culture conditions, in which CO 2 fixation via the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) reductive pentose phosphate cycle has been shown to play varied roles. During photo-and chemoautotrophic growth, all of the cellular carbon is derived from CO 2 . Accordingly, during autotrophic growth, key Calvin cycle enzymes, such as ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) and phosphoribulokinase, are maximally induced (6, 13, 32). On the other hand, during photoheterotrophic growth, CO 2 fixation functions in a different capacity, fulfilling the role of electron acceptor in the presence of excess reducing potential derived from fixed organic substrates, such as malic or butyric acid, and intermediate levels of RubisCO and phosphoribulokinase are observed (16,32). Alternate electron acceptors, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, can replace the need for CO 2 fixation under these growth conditions, leading to repressed synthesis of CBB cycle enzymes (14,15,34).In Rhodobacter sphaeroides, several enzymes of the CBB cycle are duplicated, and their genes are organized within two physically distinct operons, cbb I and cbb II (2,7,8), both of which are part of the cbb regulon (6, 13). Expression of genes within both cbb operons is positively regulated and coordinated through a common regulatory protein, CbbR, encoded by the cbbR gene, which is divergently transcribed from the cbb I operon (12). In various cbb mutants, CbbR is able to mediate a compensatory expression of genes within one operon in response to disruption of the second operon, thereby maintaining induced levels of key CBB cycle enzymes. Environmental factors affecting synthesis of cbb genes include CO 2 , O 2 , and reduced carbon sources, amo...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the cbbXYZ operon in Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Gibson

Tabita

1997

J Bacteriol

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“…Our main interest is focused on the bacterial branching Received 23 July, 1993; enzyme, which catalyses the fom^ation of the a-1,6glucosidic linkages in glyccgen by scission of a 1,4-c£linked oligosaccharide from growing c(-1,4-glucan chains and the subsequent transfer of the oligosaccharide to other parts of :i-1,4-glucan chains. A number of bacterial branching enzyme genes have recently been characterized (Baecker etal., 1986;Kiel etal., 1990;Rumbak et al, 1991). In Escherichia coli genes involved in glycogen metabolism are clustered on the bacterial chromosome in two operons (Preiss and Romeo, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycogen in Bacillus subtilis: molecular characterization of an operon encoding enzymes involved in glycogen biosynthesis and degradation

Kiel

Boels

Beldman

et al. 1994

Molecular Microbiology

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Although it has never been reported that Bacillus subtilis is capable of accumulating glycogen, we have isolated a region from the chromosome of B. subtilis containing a glycogen operon. The operon is located directly downstream from trnB, which maps at 275 degrees on the B. subtilis chromosome. It encodes five polypeptides with extensive similarity to enzymes involved in glycogen and starch metabolism in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The operon is presumably expressed by an E sigma E-controlled promoter, which was previously identified downstream from trnB. We have observed glycogen biosynthesis in B. subtilis exclusively on media containing carbon sources that allow efficient sporulation. Sporulation-independent synthesis of glycogen occurred after integration of an E sigma A controlled promoter upstream of the operon.

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“…GH13_9) and the carbohydrate binding module CBM48. Both these modules have been shown to be involved in starch degradation 45,46 , and our metaproteome further suggested that these two MAGs also expressed several enzymes involved in fermentation of starch-derived sugars (i.e. glycolysis, Figure 4).…”

Section: Metaproteome-generated Cazyme Profile Indicates Compartmentamentioning

confidence: 68%

Proteome specialization of anaerobic fungi during ruminal degradation of recalcitrant plant fiber

Hagen

Brooke

Shaw

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The rumen harbors a complex microbial mixture of archaea, bacteria, protozoa and fungi that efficiently breakdown plant biomass and its complex dietary carbohydrates into soluble sugars that can be fermented and subsequently converted into metabolites and nutrients utilized by the host animal. While rumen bacterial populations have been well documented, only a fraction of the rumen eukarya are taxonomically and functionally characterized, despite the recognition that they contribute to the cellulolytic phenotype of the rumen microbiota. To investigate how anaerobic fungi actively engage in digestion of recalcitrant fiber that is resistant to degradation, we resolved genome-centric metaproteome and metatranscriptome datasets generated from switchgrass samples incubated for 48 hours in nylon bags within the rumen of cannulated dairy cows. Across a gene catalogue covering anaerobic rumen bacteria, fungi and viruses, a significant portion of the detected proteins originated from fungal populations. Intriguingly, the carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) profile suggested a domain-specific functional specialization, with bacterial populations primarily engaged in the degradation of polysaccharides such as hemicellulose, whereas fungi were inferred to target recalcitrant cellulose structures via the detection of a number of endo-and exo-acting enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 5, 6, 8 and 48. Notably, members of the GH48 family were amongst the highest abundant CAZymes and detected representatives from this family also included dockerin domains that are associated with fungal cellulosomes. A eukaryoteselected metatranscriptome further reinforced the contribution of uncultured fungi in the ruminal degradation of recalcitrant fibers. These findings elucidate the intricate networks of in situ recalcitrant fiber deconstruction, and importantly, suggests that the anaerobic rumen fungi contribute a specific set of CAZymes that complement the enzyme repertoire provided by the specialized plant cell wall degrading rumen bacteria.

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Characterization of the Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens glgB gene, which encodes a glycogen-branching enzyme with starch-clearing activity

Cited by 39 publications

References 62 publications

Analysis of the cbbXYZ operon in Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Analysis of the cbbXYZ operon in Rhodobacter sphaeroides

Glycogen in Bacillus subtilis: molecular characterization of an operon encoding enzymes involved in glycogen biosynthesis and degradation

Proteome specialization of anaerobic fungi during ruminal degradation of recalcitrant plant fiber

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