Characterization of the CaENG1 Gene Encoding an Endo-1,3-β-Glucanase Involved in Cell Separation in Candida albicans

Esteban, Pedro F.; Ríos, Inmaculada; García, Raúl; Dueñas, Encarnación; Plá, Jesús; Sánchez, Miguel; Aldana, Carlos R. Vázquez de; Rey, Francisco del

doi:10.1007/s00284-005-0066-2

Cited by 49 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Northern analysis of the ENG1 transcript showed a decrease in abundance 2.5 h into germination (96). Another study found that ENG1 and XOG1 expression increased during hyphal formation and that the increase was dependent on the serine/ threonine protein phosphatase Sit4p (transcriptional profiling [200]).…”

Section: Cell Wall-localized Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Candida albicansCell Wall Proteins

Chaffin

2008

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

433

404

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SUMMARY The Candida albicans cell wall maintains the structural integrity of the organism in addtion to providing a physical contact interface with the environment. The major components of the cell wall are fibrillar polysaccharides and proteins. The proteins of the cell wall are the focus of this review. Three classes of proteins are present in the candidal cell wall. One group of proteins attach to the cell wall via a glycophosphatidylinositol remnant or by an alkali-labile linkage. A second group of proteins with N-terminal signal sequences but no covalent attachment sequences are secreted by the classical secretory pathway. These proteins may end up in the cell wall or in the extracellular space. The third group of proteins lack a secretory signal, and the pathway(s) by which they become associated with the surface is unknown. Potential constituents of the first two classes have been predicted from analysis of genome sequences. Experimental analyses have identified members of all three classes. Some members of each class selected for consideration of confirmed or proposed function, phenotypic analysis of a mutant, and regulation by growth conditions and transcription factors are discussed in more detail.

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Section: Cell Wall-localized Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It catalyzes the release of glucose from the nonreducing end. Eng1p had endoglucanase activity, as demonstrated by the release of reducing sugars from the substrate, and activity was specific for ␤-1,3-glucan (96). The eng1⌬/⌬ strain showed normal growth and morphogenesis.…”

Section: Cell Wall-localized Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicansCell Wall Proteins

Chaffin

2008

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

433

404

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“…Ace2 activates the expression of genes whose products are required for the controlled dissolution of the septum, such as the chitinase Cht3 or the endo-␤-1,3-glucanase Eng1 (Dunkler et al, 2005;Esteban et al, 2005) and several other genes, such as DSE1 (Mulhern et al, 2006). To determine whether Ace2-dependent transcription was activated in sep7⌬ hyphae, the expression of some Ace2-target genes was monitored by Northern blot.…”

Section: Deletion Of Sep7 Activates Cell Separation During Hyphal Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sep7 Is Essential to Modify Septin Ring Dynamics and Inhibit Cell Separation duringCandida albicansHyphal Growth

González-Novo

Correa‐Bordes

Labrador

et al. 2008

MBoC

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When Candida albicans yeast cells receive the appropriate stimulus, they switch to hyphal growth, characterized by continuous apical elongation and the inhibition of cell separation. The molecular basis of this inhibition is poorly known, despite its crucial importance for hyphal development. In C. albicans, septins are important for hypha formation and virulence. Here, we used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis to characterize the dynamics of septin rings during yeast and hyphal growth. On hyphal induction, septin rings are converted to a hyphal-specific state, characterized by the presence of a frozen core formed by Sep7/Shs1, Cdc3 and Cdc12, whereas Cdc10 is highly dynamic and oscillates between the ring and the cytoplasm. Conversion of septin rings to the hyphal-specific state inhibits the translocation of Cdc14 phosphatase, which controls cell separation, to the hyphal septum. Modification of septin ring dynamics during hyphal growth is dependent on Sep7 and the hyphal-specific cyclin Hgc1, which partially controls Sep7 phosphorylation status and protein levels. Our results reveal a link between the cell cycle machinery and septin cytoskeleton dynamics, which inhibits cell separation in the filaments and is essential for hyphal morphogenesis. INTRODUCTIONCandida albicans is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that is used as a model to study morphogenetic changes in single-cell organisms. C. albicans is capable of growing with different morphologies ranging from the yeast form to elongated filaments in response to environmental signals such as pH, temperature, or the presence of serum (Odds, 1988;Brown and Gow, 1999;Sudbery, 2001). The ability to switch between the different morphologies is of key importance for the pathogenicity of this organism (Lo et al., 1997;Zheng et al., 2004).Septins are GTP-binding proteins that assemble into homo-and hetero-oligomers and filaments, and they are an important element in morphogenesis in animals and fungi. They assemble a ring-like structure at the site of cytokinesis (for recent reviews, see Gladfelter et al., 2001;Faty et al., 2002;Douglas et al., 2005;Versele and Thorner, 2005). The structure, dynamics and regulation of septin rings is well known in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where the filaments form a collar at the bud neck that is composed of Cdc3, Cdc10, Cdc11, Cdc12, and Shs1/Sep7. Initially, these septins form a ring at the bud site before bud emergence, which then rearranges into an hourglass-shaped collar that spans both the mother and the daughter sides of the neck (Gladfelter et al., 2005;Kozubowski et al., 2005). This collar persists until cytokinesis, when it splits into two rings (Cid et al., 2001;Lippincott et al., 2001). The functions of the septins are of at least two types: first, they act as scaffold for anchoring other regulatory proteins at the bud neck. Second, they form a diffusion barrier to control molecules trafficking between mother and daughter cells (for recent reviews, see Longtine and Bi, 2003;Dougla...

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“…In C. albicans, three chitinase genes (CHT1, CHT2 and CHT3) have been cloned and it has been proposed that Cht2p has a similar function to ScCts1p (McCreath et al, 1995). It has also been shown recently that disruption of the ENG1 gene results in the formation of chains of cells (Esteban et al, 2005). To investigate whether the cell separation defect observed in cdc14⌬ mutants might be a result of a decrease in the transcription of these hydrolase genes, we analyzed the expression of CHT3 and ENG1 by northern blot.…”

Section: Journal Of Cell Science 119 (6)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Cdc14p phosphatase affects late cell-cycle events and morphogenesis inCandida albicans

Clemente‐Blanco

González-Novo

Machín

et al. 2006

Journal of Cell Science

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We have characterized the CDC14 gene, which encodes a dual-specificity protein phosphatase in Candida albicans, and demonstrated that its deletion results in defects in cell separation, mitotic exit and morphogenesis. The C. albicans cdc14Δ mutants formed large aggregates of cells that resembled those found in ace2-null strains. In cdc14Δ cells, expression of Ace2p target genes was reduced and Ace2p did not accumulate specifically in daughter nuclei. Taken together, these results imply that Cdc14p is required for the activation and daughter-specific nuclear accumulation of Ace2p. Consistent with a role in cell separation, Cdc14p was targeted to the septum region during the M-G1 transition in yeast-form cells. Interestingly, hypha-inducing signals abolished the translocation of Cdc14p to the division plate, and this regulation depended on the cyclin Hgc1p, since hgc1Δ mutants were able to accumulate Cdc14p in the septum region of the germ tubes. In addition to its role in cytokinesis, Cdc14p regulated mitotic exit, since synchronous cultures of cdc14Δ cells exhibited a severe delay in the destruction of the mitotic cyclin Clb2p. Finally, deletion of CDC14 resulted in decreased invasion of solid agar medium and impaired true hyphal growth.

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Characterization of the CaENG1 Gene Encoding an Endo-1,3-β-Glucanase Involved in Cell Separation in Candida albicans

Cited by 49 publications

References 29 publications

Candida albicansCell Wall Proteins

Candida albicansCell Wall Proteins

Sep7 Is Essential to Modify Septin Ring Dynamics and Inhibit Cell Separation duringCandida albicansHyphal Growth

The Cdc14p phosphatase affects late cell-cycle events and morphogenesis inCandida albicans

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