Characterization of the Cracking Resistance Gradient of Bitumen Emulsion-Based Cold In-Place Recycling Mixtures over Curing by Semi-Circular Bending Test

Abstract

To better reveal the performance development of bitumen emulsion-based cold in-place recycling (BE-CIR) mixture over curing, a semi-sealed laboratory curing method was proposed in this research to simulate the in situ moisture evaporation process and cracking resistance of the BE-CIR specimen at different depths during a curing time of 28 days, which was also investigated by the semi-circular bending (SCB) test. The influencing factors of cement content (1.5% to 2.5%), initial moisture content (3.5% to 4.5%), curing temperature (25 °C to 45 °C) and relative humidity were investigated, and the significance of different factors affecting the performance development was also analyzed. The results indicate significant variations in cracking performance parameters at different depths, with the top part exhibiting notably higher tensile strength and fracture energy compared to the bottom part, and a gradient index (GI) is proposed to describe the difference. Cement content affected early tensile strength and fracture energy, while the initial moisture content affected the development rate of the performance. The influence of curing temperature was extensive, and as the temperature increased beyond 40 °C, the strength of the effect decreased. High humidity during the early stage of curing inhibited the strength formation and development of fracture energy. The performance development of the BE-CIR mixture is more significantly influenced by the moisture migration process, which is governed by curing temperature and relative humidity, as opposed to the cement content and initial moisture content.