Characterization of the diffraction efficiency of polymer-liquid-crystal-polymer-slices gratings at all incidence angles

Xu, Man; Sio, Luciano De; Caputo, Roberto; Umeton, Cesare; Wachters, A. J. H.; Boer, Dick K. G. de; Urbach, H. P.

doi:10.1364/oe.16.014532

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A similar behaviour has already been observed in a structure of this kind while varying both the polar and azimuthal angles and experimental results have been well explained in the framework of a suitable theoretical model. 27 The same model is at present under implementation in order to explain the experimental results reported in the present paper.…”

Section: Colour Filter Based On Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Electro-switchable polydimethylsiloxane-based optofluidics

et al. 2012

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We report on the fabrication and characterization of a new generation of electro-switchable optofluidic devices based on flexible substrates, combined with the extraordinary properties of reconfigurable soft-materials. A conductive polydimethylsiloxane microstructure has been first sputtered with an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) layer and then functionalized with an amorphous film of SiO(x). Then, the "layer" by "layer" microstructure has been infiltrated with an anisotropic and reconfigurable fluid (Nematic Liquid Crystal, NLC). The sample has been characterized in terms of morphological, optical and electro-optical properties: the soft-conductive microstructure exhibits a uniform and regular morphology, even after testing with mechanical stretching and deformations. Combination of the conductive ITO with the functionalization film (which has been employed for inducing in-plane alignment of NLC molecules) enables us to carry out a series of optical and electro-optical experiments; these confirm excellent properties in terms of a reconfigurable device and a diffractive element as well.

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Section: Colour Filter Based On Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Electro-switchable polydimethylsiloxane-based optofluidics

et al. 2012

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“…Organic functional materials such as liquid crystal (LC) and polymer have been used for optical and electrical devices to obtain high diffraction property and optical switching functions based on the holographic formation. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] The beam coupling in LC ferroelectric composites filled with ferroelectric nanoparticles is applied to a holographic grating recording, 21) and the novel characteristics of the HPDLC grating are used to form electrically and optically switchable holographic Fresnel lenses. 22,23) The anisotropic gratings, which depend on the LC orientation, are formed by controlling the grating formation process, and the optical properties are investigated with an internal structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of multi-context information recorded at different regions in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal on optical reconfiguration

Ogiwara

Watanabe

2016

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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A holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) memory to record multi-context information for an optically reconfigurable gate array is formed by constructing a laser illumination system to implement successive laser exposures at different small regions in a glass cell filled with LC composites. The context pattern arrangements for circuit information are designed in a 3 × 3 in.2 photomask by electron beam lithography, and they are recorded as laser interference patterns at nine regions separated in an HPDLC sample by a laser interferometer composed of movable pinhole and photomask plates placed on motorized stages. The multi-context information reconstructed from the different regions in the HPDLC is written to a photodiode array in a gate-array VLSI by switching only the position of laser irradiation using the displacement of the pinhole plate under the control of a personal computer (PC). The effects of multi-context information recorded at different regions in the HPDLC on optical reconfiguration are discussed in terms of the optical system composed of ORGA VLSI and HPDLC memory. The internal structures in the HPDLC memory formed by multi-context recording are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, and the configurations composed of LC and polymer phases are revealed at various regions in the HPDLC memory.

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“…In what follows, we present results of wave-optics simulations according to an advanced rigorous inhouse numerical simulation program based on the FEM developed jointly by Philips Research and Delft University of Technology [5]. This method enables in particular the numerical simulation of the electromagnetic field inside an inhomogeneous anisotropic medium.…”

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confidence: 99%

Applicability of geometrical optics to in-plane liquid-crystal configurations

Sluijter

Urbach

et al. 2010

Opt. Lett.

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We study the applicability of geometrical optics to inhomogeneous dielectric nongyrotropic optically anisotropic media typically found in in-plane liquid-crystal configurations with refractive indices n o = 1.5 and n e = 1.7. To this end, we compare the results of advanced ray-and wave-optics simulations of the propagation of an incident plane wave to a special anisotropic configuration. Based on the results, we conclude that for a good agreement between ray and wave optics, a maximum change in optical properties should occur over a distance of at least 20 wavelengths. © 2010 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 080.3095, 160.1190, 260.1440 In geometrical optics, optical laws are obtained in the limit where the wavelength of the light vanishes. Also, the material properties are allowed to change with position, provided that the change is sufficiently small over the distance of a wavelength. One important question that has not received much attention so far is how much change in the material properties per unit wavelength is allowed in geometrical optics. In this Letter, our purpose is to provide some insight into this subject for typical in-plane (dielectric nongyrotropic) liquid-crystal configurations with refractive indices n o = 1.5 and n e = 1.7 and give a first approximation to the maximum change in material properties per unit wavelength that is allowed in geometrical optics.If the wave character of light is taken into account, a widely used approach consists of expanding the wave amplitude in terms of 1 / ͑ik 0 ͒, called a Debye expansion (cf. [1], p. 7). When we substitute this expansion into the Maxwell equations, we obtain a set of first-order partial differential equations that are called the transport equations [2]. In geometrical optics, the optical wave field satisfies the zeroth-order transport equation. The transport equations of higher order are difficult to solve, and they do not provide additional physical insight into the modeling of anisotropic media. In that sense, the use of the transport equations does not form an attractive route to investigate the applicability of geometrical optics. Other criteria for the applicability of geometrical optics, such as Fresnel zones discussed by Kravtsov and Orlov (cf. [1], p. 80), are also difficult to apply in practice.A different approach to investigate the validity of geometrical optics can be deduced from the following consideration. Consider an anisotropic medium in which the director (i.e., the local optical axis) is rotated gradually by an angle of 90°over a distance L, see Fig. 1. Then L is the distance over which a maximum change in optical properties occurs (for fixed principal refractive indices). We define the dimensionless wavelength by / L, where is the wavelength of the light. In the limit where / L → 0, a medium has homogeneous material properties. The limit where / L → ϱ corresponds to a discontinuity in the material properties. For sufficiently small / L, geometrical optics and wave optics agree. The main question is then up to wha...

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Characterization of the diffraction efficiency of polymer-liquid-crystal-polymer-slices gratings at all incidence angles

Cited by 9 publications

References 20 publications

Electro-switchable polydimethylsiloxane-based optofluidics

Electro-switchable polydimethylsiloxane-based optofluidics

Effects of multi-context information recorded at different regions in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal on optical reconfiguration

Applicability of geometrical optics to in-plane liquid-crystal configurations

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