Characterization of the Effect of Increased Plant Density on Canopy Morphology and Stalk Lodging Risk

Sher, Alam; Khan, Aaqil; Ashraf, Umair; Liu, Hui Hui; Li, Jin Cai

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01047

Cited by 48 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Under high planting densities, mutual shading of plants disturbs the light environment of crop which reduced the photosynthetic activities and carbohydrates accumulation in the stem that leads to lodging easily [ 25 , 129 ]. It has been witnessed that planting densities were negatively correlated with the lodging resistance of stem; however, high plant population had promoted the lodging and lower grain production [ 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 ]. In addition, optimum planting densities could expand the structure of the plant population and provide a better light environment, enhanced photosynthetic rate and ultimately increased the lodging resistance of stem [ 74 , 133 ].…”

Section: Agro-techniques For the Management Of Lodging Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Raza

Asghar

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Plants

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Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.

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Section: Agro-techniques For the Management Of Lodging Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Raza

Asghar

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…At present, planting high density has already become one of the key measures to excavate the potential high yield of crops among the various cultivation methods [42,43]. Previous studies have found that planting density was significantly negatively correlated with the stem lodging resistance, excessively high planting density results in lodging, and lower grain yield, which seriously affected the normal growth and development of crops and yield [44][45][46]. Suitable field planting density could improve the structure of the plant population and create a better environment for plants to make full use of light energy, promote photosynthesis, improve the lodging resistance of stem, and increase yield [47,48].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

et al. 2020

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The shading of maize and self-shading are the key factors affecting the stem lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance of soybean at middle and later growth stages in the strip intercropping system. A study was designed to explore the regulation mechanism of lignin metabolism and different planting densities; PD1, PD2, and PD3 were used having a total number of 17 plants m−2, 20 plants m−2, and 25 plants m−2, respectively, on the lodging resistance of strip intercropped soybean stem. Our results depicted that the lower planting density (PD1) appropriately promoted the leaf photosynthesis activities (Pn), increase the activity of lignin-related enzymes and the accumulation of carbohydrates in stems, and eventually enhanced the lodging resistance of the strip intercropped soybean stem. Correlation analysis also showed that the lodging resistance index of soybean stem was significantly correlated with the available light for soybean canopy and Pn strip intercropped soybean stem characteristics and activities of enzymes related to lignin synthesis among the different planting densities. The findings of our research will be useful in future studies to understand the relationship between different light environment, planting densities, and lodging resistance of intercropped soybean and also guide the optimum planting density in maize–soybean intercropping system.

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“…A 2-year experiment was carried out at Mengcheng Agricultural Sci-Tech Park, Anhui province, China (latitude 33°09′N, Longitude 116°33′E) with a lime concretion black soil type in 2016 and 2018. The data in 2016 were reported in Sher et al (2018) , and the data in 2018 are reported for the first time. Five PD treatments with three replicates designed to induce differing levels of interplant competition were used, and they are 4.5, 6, 7.5, 9, and 15 plants m –2 (referred to as PD4.5, PD6, PD7.5, PD9, and PD15, respectively).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Maize Canopy Morphology in Response to Increased Plant Density

Sun

Chen

et al. 2021

Front. Plant Sci.

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Increased plant density markedly affects canopy morphophysiological activities and crop productivity. This study aims to model maize canopy final morphology under increased interplant competition by revising a functional–structural plant model, i.e., ADEL-Maize. A 2-year field experiment was conducted at Mengcheng, Anhui Province, China, in 2016 and 2018. A randomized complete block design of five plant densities (PDs), i.e., 4.5, 6, 7.5, 9, and 15 plants m–2, with three replications was applied using a hybrid, i.e., Zhengdan 958. Canopy morphology at different PDs was measured with destructive samplings when maize canopy was fully expanded. The relationship of changes of organ morphology in relation to increased plant density was analyzed based on 2016 data. The ADEL-Maize was first calibrated for the hybrid at 4.5 plants m–2 and then revised by introducing relationships identified from 2016 data, followed by independent validation with 2018 field data. A heatmap visualization was shown to clearly illustrate the effects of increased plant density on final morphology of laminae, sheaths, and internodes. The logarithmic + linear equations were found to fit changes for the organ size versus increased plant density for phytomers excluding ear position or linear equations for the phytomer at ear position based on 2016 field data. The revision was then further tested independently by having achieved satisfactory agreements between the simulations and observations in canopy size under different PDs with 2018 field data. In conclusion, this study has characterized the relationship between canopy morphology and increased interplant competition for use in the ADEL-Maize and realized the simulations of final size of laminae, sheaths, and internodes, as affected by increased plant density, laying a foundation to test an ideotype for maize withstanding high interplant competition.

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Characterization of the Effect of Increased Plant Density on Canopy Morphology and Stalk Lodging Risk

Cited by 48 publications

References 61 publications

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

Modeling Maize Canopy Morphology in Response to Increased Plant Density

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