Characterization of the emerging multidrug‐resistant <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Kentucky ST314 in China

Wang, Shaojun; Liao, Xinmeng; Zhou, Xiong; Lin, Quankui; Wen, Jing; Xu, Chunyan; Qu, Xueping; Chen, Kaifeng; Zhang, Jianmin

doi:10.1111/zph.12850

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For serovar Kentucky-III, most isolates were found in humans, with genomes from one SNP cluster found in cattle and humans and both genomes also typed as ST314 and KCT71, suggesting that they are the same or very closely related strains. ST314 is an emerging Kentucky ST worldwide with reports of isolated strains internationally including Ireland, China and parts of South-East Asia [67][68][69]. Interestingly, a study in Ireland demonstrated that the majority of ST314 strains were isolated in non-human/non-clinical sources, mainly from animal/food sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky

Richards,

Kue,

Norris

et al. 2023

Microbial Genomics

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Non-typhoidal Salmonella are extremely diverse and different serovars can exhibit varied phenotypes, including host adaptation and the ability to cause clinical illness in animals and humans. In the USA, Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky is infrequently found to cause human illness, despite being the top serovar isolated from broiler chickens. Conversely, in Europe, this serovar falls in the top 10 serovars linked to human salmonellosis. Serovar Kentucky is polyphyletic and has two lineages, Kentucky-I and Kentucky-II; isolates belonging to Kentucky-I are frequently isolated from poultry in the USA, while Kentucky-II isolates tend to be associated with human illness. In this study, we analysed whole-genome sequences and associated metadata deposited in public databases between 2017 and 2021 by federal agencies to determine serovar Kentucky incidence across different animal and human sources. Of 5151 genomes, 90.3 % were from isolates that came from broilers, while 5.9 % were from humans and 3.0 % were from cattle. Kentucky-I isolates were associated with broilers, while isolates belonging to Kentucky-II and a new lineage, Kentucky-III, were more commonly associated with cattle and humans. Very few serovar Kentucky isolates were associated with turkey and swine sources. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Kentucky-III genomes were more closely related to Kentucky-I, and this was confirmed by CRISPR-typing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). In a macrophage assay, serovar Kentucky-II isolates were able to replicate over eight times better than Kentucky-I isolates. Analysis of virulence factors showed unique patterns across these three groups, and these differences may be linked to their association with different hosts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky

Richards,

Kue,

Norris

et al. 2023

Microbial Genomics

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“…ST64 was commonly detected in Asian and European patients, and occurs widely in pork from Europe and the USA [40]. ST34 and ST19 were the second and third most common serotypes, respectively, widely found in humans and pigs in Japan, China, the USA, and Europe, indicating that Salmonella may be transmitted from pigs to humans via the food chain [24,41]. Additionally, ciprofloxacinresistant ST314 strains have been increasing since 2014 (from 5.6% in 2014 to 53.2% in 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recent emergence of concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone among Salmonella isolates is posing a serious threat that requires further monitoring. Another emerging issue related to colistin resistance that was first reported in patients with infection of the Salmonella ST155 strain harboring a colistinresistant mcr-1 gene in China highlights the importance of cautious use and continuous monitoring of colistin resistance in both clinical and veterinary medicines [41,42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Non-Typhoid Salmonella in Food in Northern Taiwan

et al. 2022

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Salmonella is one of the most common bacteria causing food poisoning worldwide. We evaluated the prevalence, the serotypes, and the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of Salmonella isolates from many kinds of food, particularly pork and chicken in retail, in Taiwan between January 2017 and December 2019. The E-test was used to assess antimicrobial susceptibility and a polymerase chain reaction was performed for serotyping. A total of 459 different foods were investigated, and 117 Salmonella strains were isolated. Retail pork and chicken were the most common Salmonella-contaminated foods (64.1% and 29.1%, respectively). Of the 117 isolates, 23 serotypes were identified. The serotypes Derby (16.2%), Anatum (13.7%), and Agona (8.5%) were the most prevalent. The resistance rates to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and carbapenem were 41.9%, 11.1%, and 1.7%, respectively. The Derby and Anatum serotypes were prevalent in chicken and pork; the Anatum serotype had significantly higher ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone resistance rates and was highly prevalent in 2017 and 2018. Multi-locus sequence typing analysis revealed that the 58 randomly chosen Salmonella isolates belonged to 18 sequence types (STs). ST64 (Anatum, 16 out of 58, 27.6%) was the most common, followed by ST321 (Muenster, 6/58, 10.3%), ST831 (Give, 5/58, 8.6%), ST155 (London, 4/58, 6.9%) and ST314 (Kentucky, 4/58, 6.9%). Multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains were remarkably observed in the serotypes Anatum (ST64) and Goldcoast (ST358). This study revealed that retail pork was commonly contaminated with antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella. Thus, periodic investigations of Salmonella serotypes and AMR are needed.

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“…enterica serovar Typhimurium isolated from the environment was from ST34. ST314 has been associated with very high levels of antibiotic resistance (Wang et al 2021), but no resistance was detected in strains isolated in Estonia.…”

Section: Antibiotic Resistance Of Microbesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance Spread and Resistance Control Options. Estonian Experience

Tenson,

Telling,

Mitt

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Antibiotic resistance refers to the ability of microbes to grow in the presence of an antibiotic that would have originally killed or inhibited the growth of these microorganisms. Microorganisms resistant to antibiotics exist in humans, animals and in the environment. Resistant microbes can spread from animals to humans and vice versa either through direct contact or through the environment. Resistant bacteria survive in the body during a course of antibiotics and continue to multiply. Treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections takes more time, costs more, and sometimes may prove impossible. The aim of the AMR-RITA project was to develop recommendations based on scientific evidence including the "One Health" principle for the formulation of policy on antibiotic resistance. In order to achieve the goal, the role of human behaviour, human and animal medicine, and the environment was implicated in the development of antibiotic resistance. The evaluation of the resistance spread routes, risks and levels, and the possible measures to control the spread of antibiotic resistance were identified. Topics related to antibiotic resistance were analysed in medicine, veterinary medicine and environment subsections. Existing data were combined with new data to assess the transmission routes and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. For this purpose, samples were collected from people, animals, food, and the environment. The analysis of the samples focused on the main resistent organisms, resistance genes and antibiotic residues. As a result of the study, we conclude that the use of antibiotics in Estonia is generally low compared to other European countries. However, there are bottlenecks that concern both human and veterinary medicine. In both cases, we admit that for some diagnoses there were no treatment guidelines and antibiotics were used for the wrong indications. The lack of specialists of clinical microbiology is a problem in Estonain hospitals. For example, many hospitals lack an infection control specialist. The major worrying trends are the unwarranted use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in humans and the high use of antibiotics critical for human medicine (cephalosporins, quinolones) in the teratment of animals. If more antibiotics are being used, resistance will also spread. We found that those cattle farms that use more cephalosporins also have higher levels of resistance (ESBL-mediated resistance). It also turned out that genetically close clusters of bacteria are often shared by humans and animals. This is evidence of a transfer of resistance between species. However, such transfer occurs slowly, and we did not detect any transfer events in the recent years. Antibiotic residues, just like other drug residues, can reach the environment. The use of slurry and composted sewage sludge as fertilizer are the main pathways. We detected fluroquinolones and tetracyclines in comparable concentrations in slurry and uncomposted sewage sludge. Composting reduces the content of drug residues, and the efficiency of the process depends on the technology used. In addition to antibiotic residues, we also determined some other drug residues accumulating in the environment. High levels of diclofenac and carbamazepine in surface water are a special concern. These are medicines for human use only, so they reach the environment through sewage treatment plants. Based on the results obtained during the research, we propose a series of evidence-based recommendations to the state for the formulation of antimicrobial resistance policy. We propose that Estonia needs sustainable AMR surveillance institution, which (1) continuously collects and analyses data on the use of antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance and provides regular feedback to relevant institutions (state, health and research institutions), (2) assesses the reliability of the data and ensures carrying out additional and confirming studies, (3) coordinates the activities of national and international research and monitoring networks and projects. We recommend creation of a competence centre that would deal with the topic of AMR across all fields. This should also include funding for research.

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Characterization of the emerging multidrug‐resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST314 in China

Cited by 9 publications

References 39 publications

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky

Prevalence, Serotypes, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Non-Typhoid Salmonella in Food in Northern Taiwan

Antibiotic Resistance Spread and Resistance Control Options. Estonian Experience

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