Characterization of the ferret TRB locus guided by V, D, J, and C gene expression analysis

Gerritsen, Bram; Pandit, Aridaman; Zaaraoui-Boutahar, Fatiha; Hout, Mirjam C G N van den; IJcken, Wilfred F. J. van; Boer, Rob J. de; Andeweg, Arno C.

doi:10.1007/s00251-019-01142-9

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…A single TRBV gene in inverted orientation of transcription completes each TRB locus at the 3′ end. In most mammalian species, including human [ 20 , 21 ], mouse [ 22 ], chimpanzee and rhesus monkey [ 23 ], dog [ 24 ], rabbit [ 25 ], ferret [ 26 ], and cat [ 27 ], two TRBD-J-C clusters exist. In contrast, in the cetartiodactyl lineage [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 ], a duplication event within the 3′ end of the TRB locus led to the generation of a third TRBD-J-C cluster, increasing the number of TRBD and TRBJ genes available for the somatic rearrangements.…”

Section: The Tr Chains Are Encoded By Separate Multigene Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This observation (or consideration) comes from analysis of the TRB and TRA/TRD loci, which retain a conserved general gene arrangement and, although these regions appear to have been evolving dynamically in each eutherian mammalian species, a gross order of genes is still maintained. As a matter of fact, phylogenetic analysis conducted on the TRBV and TRAV genes showed that the V genes from different mammals intermingle rather than forming separate clades, proving that duplications of ancestral genes followed by diversification is the major mode of evolution [ 26 , 27 , 35 , 37 , 40 ]. This rule also fits also the TRG genes, despite the structure of the TRG locus differing considerably across species.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Highlights a Diverse Mode Of Evolutmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of the T-Cell Receptor (TR) Loci in the Adaptive Immune Response: The Tale of the TRG Locus in Mammals

Antonacci

Massari

Linguiti

et al. 2020

Genes

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T lymphocytes are the principal actors of vertebrates’ cell-mediated immunity. Like B cells, they can recognize an unlimited number of foreign molecules through their antigen-specific heterodimer receptors (TRs), which consist of αβ or γδ chains. The diversity of the TRs is mainly due to the unique organization of the genes encoding the α, β, γ, and δ chains. For each chain, multi-gene families are arranged in a TR locus, and their expression is guaranteed by the somatic recombination process. A great plasticity of the gene organization within the TR loci exists among species. Marked structural differences affect the TR γ (TRG) locus. The recent sequencing of multiple whole genome provides an opportunity to examine the TR gene repertoire in a systematic and consistent fashion. In this review, we report the most recent findings on the genomic organization of TRG loci in mammalian species in order to show differences and similarities. The comparison revealed remarkable diversification of both the genomic organization and gene repertoire across species, but also unexpected evolutionary conservation, which highlights the important role of the T cells in the immune response.

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Section: The Tr Chains Are Encoded By Separate Multigene Familiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Highlights a Diverse Mode Of Evolutmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of the T-Cell Receptor (TR) Loci in the Adaptive Immune Response: The Tale of the TRG Locus in Mammals

Antonacci

Massari

Linguiti

et al. 2020

Genes

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“…An inverted TRBV gene lies at the 3′ end of the last TRBC gene. In human, mouse, and several other mammals (https://www.imgt.org/ IMGTrepertoire/: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus [7][8][9][10][11];), two TRBD-J-C clusters have been identified. In contrast, in the artiodactyl lineage [12][13][14][15][16][17], a duplication event within the 3′ end of the TRB locus has led to the generation of a third TRBD-J-C cluster.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The expansion of the TRB and TRG genes in domestic goats (Capra hircus) is characteristic of the ruminant species

et al. 2020

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Background Goats (Capra hircus), one of the first domesticated species, are economically important for milk and meat production, and their broad geographical distribution reflects their successful adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Despite the relevance of this species, the genetic research on the goat traits is limited compared to other domestic species. Thanks to the latest goat reference genomic sequence (ARS1), which is considered to be one of the most continuous assemblies in livestock, we deduced the genomic structure of the T cell receptor beta (TRB) and gamma (TRG) loci in this ruminant species. Results Our analyses revealed that although the organization of the goat TRB locus is broadly similar to that of the other artiodactyl species, with three in-tandem D-J-C clusters located at the 3′ end, a complex and extensive series of duplications have occurred in the V genes at the 5′ end, leading to a marked expansion in the number of the TRBV genes. This phenomenon appears to be a feature of the ruminant lineage since similar gene expansions have also occurred in sheep and cattle. Likewise, the general organization of the goat TRG genes is typical of ruminant species studied so far, with two paralogous TRG loci, TRG1 and TRG2, located in two distinct and distant positions on the same chromosome as result of a split in the ancestral locus. Each TRG locus consists of reiterated V-J-J-C cassettes, with the goat TRG2 containing an additional cassette relative to the corresponding sheep and cattle loci. Conclusions Taken together, these findings demonstrate that strong evolutionary pressures in the ruminant lineage have selected for the development of enlarged sets of TRB and TRG genes that contribute to a diverse T cell receptor repertoire. However, differences observed among the goat, sheep and cattle TRB and TRG genes indicate that distinct evolutionary histories, with independent expansions and/or contractions, have also affected each ruminant species.

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“…An inverted TRBV gene lies at the 3′ end of the last TRBC gene. In human, mouse, and several other mammals (https://www.imgt.org/IMGTrepertoire/: Homo sapiens, Mus musculus; [7,8,9,10,11]), two TRBD-J-C clusters have been identi ed. In contrast, in the artiodactyl lineage [12,13,14,15,16,17], a duplication event within the 3′ end of the TRB locus has led to the generation of a third TRBD-J-C cluster.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expansion of the TRB and TRG Genes in Domestic Goats (Capra hircus) is Characteristic of the Ruminant Species

Giannico

Massari

Jambrenghi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: Goats (Capra hircus), one of the first domesticated species, are economically important for milk and meat production, and their broad geographical distribution reflects their successful adaptation to diverse environmental conditions. Despite the relevance of this species, the genetic research on the goat traits is limited compared to other domestic species. Thanks to the latest goat reference genomic sequence (ARS1), which is considered to be one of the most continuous assemblies in livestock, we deduced the genomic structure of the T cell receptor beta (TRB) and gamma (TRG) loci in this ruminant species. Results: Our analyses revealed that although the organization of the goat TRB locus is broadly similar to that of the other artiodactyl species, with three in tandem D-J-C clusters located at the 3’ end, a complex and extensive series of duplications have occurred in the V genes at the 5’ end, leading to a marked expansion in the number of the TRBV genes. This phenomenon appears to be a feature of the ruminant lineage since similar gene expansions have also occurred in sheep and cattle.Likewise, the general organization of the goat TRG genes is typical of ruminant species studied so far, with two paralogous TRG loci, TRG1 and TRG2, located in two distinct and distant positions on the same chromosome as result of a split in the ancestral locus. Each TRG locus consists of reiterated V-J-J-C cassettes, with the goat TRG2 containing an additional cassette relative to the corresponding sheep and cattle loci.Conclusions: Taken together, these findings demonstrate that strong evolutionary pressures in the ruminant lineage have selected for the development of enlarged sets of TRB and TRG genes that contribute to a diverse T cell receptor repertoire. However, differences observed among the goat, sheep and cattle TRB and TRG genes indicate that distinct evolutionary histories, with independent expansions and/or contractions, have also affected each ruminant species.

show abstract

Characterization of the ferret TRB locus guided by V, D, J, and C gene expression analysis

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Evolution of the T-Cell Receptor (TR) Loci in the Adaptive Immune Response: The Tale of the TRG Locus in Mammals

Evolution of the T-Cell Receptor (TR) Loci in the Adaptive Immune Response: The Tale of the TRG Locus in Mammals

The expansion of the TRB and TRG genes in domestic goats (Capra hircus) is characteristic of the ruminant species

The Expansion of the TRB and TRG Genes in Domestic Goats (Capra hircus) is Characteristic of the Ruminant Species

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