Characterization of the Frequency Response of Channel-Interleaved Photonic ADCs Based on the Optical Time-Division Demultiplexer

Qian, Na; Zhang, Linbo; Chen, Jianping; Zou, Weiwen

doi:10.1109/jphot.2021.3114028

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Thanks to the high bandwidth and fast response of the electro-optic modulator, high-frequency RF signals can be directly loaded into high-speed optical sampling pulses smoothly, while the sampled pulses carrying RF signals need to be demultiplexed to multiple channels to adapt to a low sampling rate limited by the EADC. This kind of PADC is collectively nominated as a channel-interleaved PADC (CI-PADC), including the time interleaved PADC [16][17][18] and time-wavelength interleaved PADC [19][20][21][22][23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of channel mismatch on the performance of CI-PADCs has been widely studied, including clock timing mismatch, amplitude mismatch, pulse shape mismatch, photodetection bandwidth mismatch, and electronic aperture jitter mismatch [16][17][18][20][21][22][23][24]. And many mismatch correction methods and compensation algorithms, such as the spectral analysis and compensation method and fractional Fourier domain filtering, were proposed to eliminate spurious components and improve signal ENOBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement and Data Correction of Channel Sampling Timing Walk-Off of Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter in Signal Recovery

Qi,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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A two-channel, time–wavelength interleaved photonic analog-to-digital converter (PADC) system with a sampling rate of 10.4 GSa/s was established, and a concise method for measuring and data correcting the channel sampling timing walk-off of PADCs for signal recovery was proposed. The measurements show that for the two RF signals of f1 = 100 MHz and f2 = 200 MHz, the channel sampling timing walk-off was 12 sampling periods, which results in an ENOB = −0.1051 bits for the 100 MHz directly synthesized signal, while the ENOB improved up to 4.0136 bits using shift synthesis. In addition, the peak limit method (PLM) and normalization processing were introduced to reduce the impacts of signal peak jitter and power inconsistency between two channels, which further improve the ENOB of the 100 MHz signal up to 4.5668 bits. All signals were analyzed and discussed in both time and frequency domains. The 21.1 GHz signal was also collected and converted using the established two-channel PADC system with the data correction method, combining the PLM, normalization, and shift synthesis, showing that the ENOB increased from the initial −0.9181 to 4.1913 bits, which demonstrates that our method can be effectively used for signal recovery in channel-interleaved PADCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and Data Correction of Channel Sampling Timing Walk-Off of Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter in Signal Recovery

Qi,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Micromachines

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“…The success of deep learning in a wide range of fields has made it possible to combine it with broadband signal reception systems. [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep learning-based image-like channelization for broadband receiver

Huang¹,

Yao²

2023

Advanced Optical Manufacturing Technologies and Applications 2022; And 2nd International Forum of Young Scientists on Advanced

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We propose a novel image-like channelization method that utilizes a convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) for channel synthesis to reduce the bandwidth requirements of the electrical hardware. In this study, the spectrum of a 30-GBaud QPSK signal is spectrally sliced and received by four low-speed coherent receivers based on a conventional coherent optical communication system. After the recovery of the trained CRNN, the average error vector magnitude (EVM) of the 30-GBaud baseband signal is improved from over 60% by uncorrected channel synthesis to around 15%.

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“…This kind of PADC is collectively referred to as channelinterleaved PADC (CI-PADC). Usually, based on the method of demultiplexing, CI-PADC can be divided into time-division demultiplexed PADC [16][17][18][19] and time-and wavelengthinterleaved PADC [20,21]. Of course, both methods can also be used simultaneously [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Optical Sampling Pulse Power, RF Power, and Electronic Back-End Bandwidth on the Performance of Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter

Qi,

Chen,

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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The effects of optical sampling pulse power, RF power, and electronic back-end bandwidth on the performance of time- and wavelength-interleaved photonic analog-to-digital converter (PADC) with eight-channel 41.6 GHz pulses have been experimentally investigated in detail. The effective number of bits (ENOB) and peak-to-peak voltage (Vpp) of converted 10.6 GHz electrical signals were used to characterize the effects. For the 1550.116 nm channel with 5.2 G samples per second, an average pulse power of 0 to −10 dBm input to the photoelectric detector (PD) has been tested. The Vpp increased with increasing pulse power. And the ENOB for pulse power −9~−3 dBm was almost the same and all were greater than four. Meanwhile, the ENOB decreased either when the pulse power was more than −2 dBm due to the saturation of PD or when the pulse power was less than −10 dBm due to the non-ignorable noise relative to the converted weak signal. In addition, RF powers of −10~15 dBm were loaded into the Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM). The Vpp increased with the increase in RF power, and the ENOB also showed an increasing trend. However, higher RF power can saturate the PD and induce greater nonlinearity in MZM, leading to a decrease in ENOB, while lower RF power will convert weak electrical signals with more noise, also resulting in lower ENOB. In addition, the back-end bandwidths of 0.2~8 GHz were studied in the experiments. The Vpp decreased as the back-end bandwidth decreased from 8 to 3 GHz, and remained nearly constant for the bandwidth between the Nyquist bandwidth and the subsampled RF signal frequency. The ENOB was almost the same and all greater than four for a bandwidth from 3 to 8 GHz, and gradually increased up to 6.5 as the back-end bandwidth decreased from the Nyquist bandwidth to 0.25 GHz. A bandwidth slightly larger than the Nyquist bandwidth was recommended for low costs and without compromising performance. In our experiment, the −3 to −5 dBm average pulse power, about 10 dBm RF power, and 3 GHz back-end bandwidth were recommended to accomplish both a high ENOB more than four and large Vpp. Our research provides a solution for selecting optical sampling pulse power, RF power, and electronic back-end bandwidth to achieve low-cost and high-performance PADC.

show abstract

Characterization of the Frequency Response of Channel-Interleaved Photonic ADCs Based on the Optical Time-Division Demultiplexer

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Measurement and Data Correction of Channel Sampling Timing Walk-Off of Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter in Signal Recovery

Measurement and Data Correction of Channel Sampling Timing Walk-Off of Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter in Signal Recovery

Deep learning-based image-like channelization for broadband receiver

Effects of Optical Sampling Pulse Power, RF Power, and Electronic Back-End Bandwidth on the Performance of Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter

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