Characterization of the Heat-Stable Proteome during Seed Germination in Arabidopsis with Special Focus on LEA Proteins

Abstract

During seed germination, desiccation tolerance is lost in the radicle with progressing radicle protrusion and seedling establishment. This process is accompanied by comprehensive changes in the metabolome and proteome. Germination of Arabidopsis seeds was investigated over 72 h with special focus on the heat-stable proteome including late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins together with changes in primary metabolites. Six metabolites in dry seeds known to be important for seed longevity decreased during germination and seedling establishment, while all other metabolites increased simultaneously with activation of growth and development. Thermo-stable proteins were associated with a multitude of biological processes. In the heat-stable proteome, a relatively similar proportion of fully ordered and fully intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) was discovered. Highly disordered proteins were found to be associated with functional categories development, protein, RNA and stress. As expected, the majority of LEA proteins decreased during germination and seedling establishment. However, four germination-specific dehydrins were identified, not present in dry seeds. A network analysis of proteins, metabolites and amino acids generated during the course of germination revealed a highly connected LEA protein network.

Subcellular Localization of Seed-Expressed LEA_4 Proteins Reveals Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation for LEA9 and for LEA48 Homo- and LEA42-LEA48 Heterodimers

“…Despite the decrease in gene expression and protein abundance of seed-expressed LEA_4 over time after germination [ 57 ], some LEA_4 proteins are reported to be detectable in young seedlings under the 35S promoter [ 30 ]. To assess expression patterns of 11 seed-expressed LEA_4 proteins under their native promoters, we analyzed 4-d-old seedlings expressing proLEA_4::LEA_4:Venus under control conditions using CLSM.…”

“…The majority of seed expressed LEA_4 proteins were still detectable in seedlings in various organs, even that their abundance and the gene expression of the respective genes decreased during seed germination and seedling development [ 57 ]. LEA29 could even be detected in the phloem, where LEA proteins are only rarely found.…”

Mechanistic insights derived from re-establishment of desiccation tolerance in germinating xerophytic seeds: Caragana korshinskii as an example

“…In contrast to the seed developmental stage, many transcription factors (MYB, AP2, and NAC), and gene encoding methyltransferase and histone, are differentially expressed ( Tian et al., 2016 ). And the DT relative genes such as LEA and HSP are down-regulated suggesting the loss of these proteins alters the DT of a germinating seedling ( Mtwisha et al., 2007 ; Ginsawaeng et al., 2021 ).…”

DeepRTAlign: toward accurate retention time alignment for large cohort mass spectrometry data analysis

“…(4) Dataset EC-H was from the paper of Shen et al 20 , which was constructed by spiking Escherichia coli cell digestion mixture into human cell digestion mixture. (5) Dataset AT was about the Arabidopsis thaliana seeds (AT) from the paper of Ginsawaeng et al 21 . (6) Dataset SC was a single-cell (SC) proteomic dataset including 18 HT22 cells without the treatment of nocodazole from the paper of Li et al 22 .…”