Characterization of the High Molecular Mass Chlorinated Matter in Spent Bleach Liquors (SBL). Part II. Acidic SBL

Österberg, F.; Lindström, Krister

doi:10.1515/hfsg.1985.39.3.149

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Ultrafiltration (UF) has widely been applied to the characterization and fractionation of organic material in bleach plant effluents (Hardell and de Sousa 1977;Lindström and Österberg 1984;Österberg and Lindström 1985;Nyström and Lindström 1988;Mörck et al 1991;Lin 1992). Because of some advantageous features, UF can also be used to determine both the relative molecular weight (MW) and the molecular-weight distribution (MWD) of woodderived macromolecules in waste liquors from various industrial processes (Yu et al 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of TCF Effluents from Kraft Pulp Bleaching. I. Fractionation of Hardwood Lignin-Derived Material by GPC and UF

Ristolainen¹,

Alén²,

Knuutinen³

1996

HFSG

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The average molecular weights (MWs) and molecular-weight distributions of lignin dissolved during different stages of the industrial totally chlorine-free (TCP) bleaching (OXZE op AEpS) of hardwood kraft pulp were compared by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with an adequate calibration. The weight-average and number-average MWs of the total effluents from the different stages were within the ranges M w ~ 700-5,350 and M n -350-1,350. The average MWs of lignins from the stages Z and A (M w 7 00-1,500) were much lower than those (M w ~ 2,000-5,350) of lignins from other bleaching stages. GPC results for fractions separated by analytical ultrafiltration (UF) showed the average MWs of these fractions to be significantly lower than would be expected from cutoff values of the membranes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of TCF Effluents from Kraft Pulp Bleaching. I. Fractionation of Hardwood Lignin-Derived Material by GPC and UF

Ristolainen¹,

Alén²,

Knuutinen³

1996

HFSG

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“…Dahlman et al (1995) reported a methoxyl group content of 1.7 mmol/g for a combined softwood ECF bleaching effluent and 0.7 mmol/g for both D and E-stages of a hardwood bleaching effluent. In another study on laboratory bleached softwood effluent, Österberg and Lindström (1985) reported a methoxyl content of 0.74 mmol/g for D-stage material and 0.94 mmol/g for Estage material respectively.…”

Section: Methoxyl and Methyl Ester Group Analysismentioning

confidence: 94%

“…It has been reported that roughly half of the organic material present in bleach plant effluents is high molecular weight (>1000 Daltons) and that this material contains carboxylic acids that are conjugated with olefinic carbons (Österberg and Lindström 1985;Hortling et al 1992). This paper describes the first quantitative estimation of the fraction of the carboxylic acids in high molecular weight (HMW) material that is of the muconic acid type.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Muconic Acid-Type Structures in High Molecular Weight Material from Bleach Plant Effluents

Vilen¹,

McKague²,

Reeve³

2000

Holzforschung

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Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC)COD and TOC were measured before ultrafiltration and on the ultrafiltration permeate. The COD of the HMW fraction was considered to be the difference between these two measurements. SummaryEffluents from the chlorine dioxide bleaching of chemical pulps were characterized with respect to high and low molecular weight material, COD, TOC, elemental composition, and carboxylic acid and methyl ester content. A technique was developed for the quantitative estimation of muconic acid-type structures as moities of the high molecular weight material. The method is based on the use of quantitative 13 C NMR and the pH-dependent cyclization of muconic acids in aqueous solution. 20-40 % of the carboxylic acids in the high molecular weight material isolated from bleach plant effluents from three softwood kraft mills were found to exhibit muconic acid-type behaviour. KeywordsMuconic acids Bleaching effluent Nuclear magnetic resonance Fig. 1. Cyclization of a muconic acid to lactones under acidic conditions.Brought to you by |

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“…Questions have been asked concerning whether the degradation products of these materials in the environment could be toxicologically similar to the lower molecular weight materials, or pose some extended risk. Analysis of these high molecular weight AOX suggests that chlorine dioxide substitution has the same impact on the high molecular weight materials that it does on the low molecular weight AOX, namely a significant reduction in the degree of chlorination [Österberg and Lindström, 1985]. In the researchers' studies, high molecular weight AOX isolated from 100% elemental chlorine bleached effluents had a carbonxhlorine ratio of approximately 16:1, with primarily tri and tetra-substituted structures.…”

Section: Chlorine Dioxide Substitutionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Pulp and paper technologies and improvements in environmental emissions to aquatic environments

Shimp

Owens

1993

Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry

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In recent years, there has been considerable study on the environmental impacts of kraft bleached pulp mills on the aquatic environment. These studies have focused on the discharge and toxicity of chlorinated organic compounds of AOX. Data from Scandinavian and North American mills show that the discharge of polychlorinated organic compounds can be significantly reduced with modern bleaching and effluent treatment technologies. An important step is to reduce the use of elemental chlorine (Cl 2 ) and to substitute other oxidizing agents, including, for example, chlorine dioxide, peroxide, and oxygen. These steps halt the formation of recently discovered by-products such as dioxins, as well as other highly chlorinated materials. In certain circumstances (e.g., fluff pulp mills), total AOX discharges have been reduced by over 90%, to as little as 0.1 kg/t. Analyses of effluents from these facilities also show that, contrary to lay expectations, remaining chlorinated materials have low chlorine substitution, are water soluble (will not bioaccumulate), and are easily degradable. Chronic toxicity testing in both laboratory tests, as well as environmental models (e.g., mesocosms) demonstrate that these modern processes virtually eliminate toxic effects in the receiving waters. These multiple technologies are being rapidly implemented by most Scandinavian and North American mills.

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Characterization of the High Molecular Mass Chlorinated Matter in Spent Bleach Liquors (SBL). Part II. Acidic SBL

Cited by 34 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of TCF Effluents from Kraft Pulp Bleaching. I. Fractionation of Hardwood Lignin-Derived Material by GPC and UF

Characterization of TCF Effluents from Kraft Pulp Bleaching. I. Fractionation of Hardwood Lignin-Derived Material by GPC and UF

Quantification of Muconic Acid-Type Structures in High Molecular Weight Material from Bleach Plant Effluents

Pulp and paper technologies and improvements in environmental emissions to aquatic environments

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