Characterization of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and expression of costimulatory molecules in chronic echinococcus granulosus infection of the human liver

Vatankhah, Ali; Halász, Júlia; Piurkó, Violetta; Barbai, Tamás; Rásó, Erzsébet; Tı́már, József

doi:10.1186/s12879-015-1252-x

Cited by 32 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In fact, in many cases, the hydatid grows surrounded by a host-derived collagen capsule that is non-infiltrated, or presents cells only distally with respect to the parasite171819. Macrophages in particular appear not to accumulate in the vicinity of the lesion, as determined in human liver infections20. This subdued pattern of response is reproduced after experimental infection of mice2122.…”

mentioning

confidence: 73%

Particles from the Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer inhibit IL-4 and growth factor-driven Akt phosphorylation and proliferative responses in macrophages

Seoane

Rückerl

Casaravilla

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Proliferation of macrophages is a hallmark of inflammation in many type 2 settings including helminth infections. The cellular expansion is driven by the type 2 cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4), as well as by M-CSF, which also controls homeostatic levels of tissue resident macrophages. Cystic echinococcosis, caused by the tissue-dwelling larval stage of the cestode Echinococcus granulosus, is characterised by normally subdued local inflammation. Infiltrating host cells make contact only with the acellular protective coat of the parasite, called laminated layer, particles of which can be ingested by phagocytic cells. Here we report that a particulate preparation from this layer (pLL) strongly inhibits the proliferation of macrophages in response to IL-4 or M-CSF. In addition, pLL also inhibits IL-4-driven up-regulation of Relm-α, without similarly affecting Chitinase-like 3 (Chil3/Ym1). IL-4-driven cell proliferation and up-regulation of Relm-α are both known to depend on the phosphatidylinositol (PI3K)/Akt pathway, which is dispensable for induction of Chil3/Ym1. Exposure to pLL in vitro inhibited Akt activation in response to proliferative stimuli, providing a potential mechanism for its activities. Our results suggest that the E. granulosus laminated layer exerts some of its anti-inflammatory properties through inhibition of PI3K/Akt activation and consequent limitation of macrophage proliferation.

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mentioning

confidence: 73%

Particles from the Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer inhibit IL-4 and growth factor-driven Akt phosphorylation and proliferative responses in macrophages

Seoane

Rückerl

Casaravilla

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…One of the works above shows exacerbated expression of PD‐1 CD4 + T cells and its ligand PD‐L1 in dendritic cells in liver during chronic E. multilocularis infection; in addition, it mechanistically connects PD‐L1/PD‐1 with high TGF‐β, and also IL‐10, expression. Interestingly, CD28, the main receptor relaying activating signals from antigen‐presenting cells to T cells, is very strongly downregulated in the periphery of E. granulosus hydatids in human liver, in comparison with other liver pathologies …”

Section: How Do Larval Taeniids Evade Granulomatous Responses?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Established infections in sheep as well as in humans are in most cases immediately surrounded by a mostly acellular collagen capsule; areas of necrosis between the capsule and the LL can occur. In addition, local infiltration by lymphocytes (T and B), macrophages and, in cases, eosinophils is usually observed, but this is always distal to the parasite.…”

Section: Echinococcus Granulosus Sensu Latomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…infection is deduced from histological results obtained at a later phase. 72 Established infections in sheep as well as in humans are in most cases immediately surrounded by a mostly acellular collagen capsule [73][74][75][76][77][78][79] ; areas of necrosis between the capsule and the LL can occur.…”

Section: Ech Inococcus G R Anulosus Sensu L Atomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Human and sheep infections (typically). [73][74][75][76][77][78][79]99 Pig infections (cases). 80 Cattle infections (rare) 81 "Late" "uncomplicated" infections in paca 86…”

Section: Partial Inflammatory Resolution With Collagen Capsulementioning

confidence: 99%

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Granulomatous responses in larval taeniid infections

Díaz

Sagasti

Casaravilla

2018

Parasite Immunology

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Granulomas are responses to persistent nonliving bodies or pathogens, centrally featuring specialized macrophage forms called epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells. The larval stages of the cestode parasites of the Taeniidae family (Taenia, Echinococcus) develop for years in fixed tissue sites in mammals. In consequence, they are targets of granulomatous responses. The information on tissue responses to larval taeniids is fragmented among host and parasite species and scattered over many decades. We attempt to draw an integrated picture of these responses in solid tissues. The intensity of inflammation around live parasites spans a spectrum from minimal to high, parasite vitality correlating with low inflammation. The low end of the inflammatory spectrum features collagen capsules proximal to the parasites and moderate distal infiltration. The middle of the spectrum is dominated by classical granulomatous responses, whereas the high end features massive eosinophil invasions. Across the range of parasite species, much observational evidence suggests that eosinophils are highly effective at killing larval taeniids in solid tissues, before and during chronic granulomatous responses. The evidence available also suggests that these parasites are adapted to inhibit host granulomatous responses, in part through the exacerbation of host regulatory mechanisms including regulatory T cells and TGF-β.

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Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis granulosis) diagnosis from skeletal osteolytic lesions in an early seventh‐millennium BP forager community from preagricultural northern Vietnam

Vlok

Buckley

Domett

et al. 2021

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives: Con Co Ngua is a complex, sedentary forager site from northern Vietnam dating to the early seventh millennium BP. Prior research identified a calcified Echinococcus granulosis cyst, which causes hydatid disease. Osteolytic lesions consistent with hydatid disease were also present in this individual and others. Hydatid disease is observed in high frequencies in pastoralists, and its presence in a hunter-gatherer community raises questions regarding human-animal interaction prior to farming. The objective of this article is to identify and describe the epidemiology of hydatid disease in the human skeletal assemblage at Con Co Ngua.Materials and methods: One hundred and fifty-five individuals were macroscopically assessed for lesions. Of these, eight individuals were radiographed. Hydatid disease was diagnosed using a new threshold criteria protocol derived from clinical literature, which prioritizes lesions specific to the parasite.Results: Twenty-two individuals (14.2%) presented with osteolytic lesions consistent with hydatid disease, affecting the distal humerus, proximal femur and forearm, and pelvis. Seven individuals radiographed (4.5%) had multilocular cystic lesions strongly diagnostic for hydatid disease. All probable cases had lesions of the distal humerus.The remaining lesions were macroscopically identical to those radiographed and were considered possible cases.Discussion: While hydatid disease has previously been found in pre-agricultural communities, the high prevalence at Con Co Ngua is non-incidental. We propose that the presence of wild canids and management of wild buffalo and deer increased the risk of disease transmission. These findings further reveal subsistence complexity among hunter-gatherers living millennia prior to the adoption of farming in Southeast Asia.

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Characterization of the inflammatory cell infiltrate and expression of costimulatory molecules in chronic echinococcus granulosus infection of the human liver

Cited by 32 publications

References 58 publications

Particles from the Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer inhibit IL-4 and growth factor-driven Akt phosphorylation and proliferative responses in macrophages

Particles from the Echinococcus granulosus laminated layer inhibit IL-4 and growth factor-driven Akt phosphorylation and proliferative responses in macrophages

Granulomatous responses in larval taeniid infections

Hydatid disease (Echinococcosis granulosis) diagnosis from skeletal osteolytic lesions in an early seventh‐millennium BP forager community from preagricultural northern Vietnam

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