Characterization of the mouse histone gene cluster on chromosome 13: 45 histone genes in three patches spread over 1Mb.

Wang, Z F; Krasikov, Tatiana; Frey, Mark R.; Wang, J; Matera, A. Gregory; Marzluff, W F

doi:10.1101/gr.6.8.688

Cited by 71 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…5 [10Ϫ14] is between 60% and 85%. The pattern of seven H1 histone isoforms and the chromosomal organization of the respective genes is identical in man and mouse [15,16]). Although the main H1 subtypes have the same fundamental three-domain structure and similar amino acid sequences, their microheterogeneity and the evolutionary conservation of the individual subtypes suggest functional differences between these isoforms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Conserved sequence elements in human main type‐H1 histone gene promoters : their role in H1 gene expression

Meergans¹,

Albig²,

Doenecke³

1998

European Journal of Biochemistry

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In man, the H1 class of histones consists of seven different isoforms, termed H1.1ϪH1.5, H1t and H1°. Analysis of the promoters of the respective genes reveals that all seven H1 gene promoters share conserved sequence elements: a TATA box at around position Ϫ25 (relative to the transcription start site), a CCAAT motif at about position Ϫ50 (except in the H1 promoter), an H1-box (AAACACA) around position Ϫ110 (except in the H1.1 promoter), and the highly conserved motif TGTGT/CTA (TG-box or CH1UE) at around nucleotide position Ϫ450 (except in the H1.1 promoter). Analysis of the H1.3 gene promoter was carried out with reporter gene assays (using the luciferase gene as a reporter gene) including stepwise deletion and site-directed mutagenesis. In addition, electrophoretic mobility-shift assays were carried out for the analysis of protein/DNA interactions at conserved promoter motifs. Mutation analysis indicates that the CH1UE motif is involved in mediating the S-phase-dependent expression of the H1.3 gene. Comparison of H1 promoters shows that the CCAAT-box is extended in each case by CA. Mutational analysis indicates that only the CCAATCA heptanucleotide, but not just the CCAAT sequence mediates the effect of this element in H1 gene promoters.Keywords : histone H1; histone gene promoter; (histone) gene expression ; gene regulation; luciferase activity.Histones are a major component in the eukaryotic nucleus and play an important role in forming the fundamental nucleosomal subunit structure of chromatin. They are subdivided into the group of core histones (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4), which form the histone octamer of the nucleosomal core and the group of H1-linker histones. These H1 histones seal two rounds of DNA at the surface of the core-histone octamer [1], influence the positioning of nucleosomes [2,3] and are essential for the formation of higher order chromatin structures [4]. In addition, H1 histones exert general inhibitory effects on transcription [5,6], but can also play a specific role in gene regulation [7Ϫ9].In mammals, the group of H1 histones consists of at least seven different subtypes. The H1 histones represent the most variable class of the otherwise highly conserved histone proteins. Based on both the timing of synthesis relative to the cell cycle and their tissue-specific occurrence, the H1 histones can be classified into three different groups of subtypes : (a) the main type-H1 histones, which are expressed in close relation to the S phase of the cell cycle ; (b) the replacement subtype H1, which is usually expressed in highly differentiated cells and (c) the subtype H1t which is expressed exclusively in the testis [10].

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confidence: 99%

Conserved sequence elements in human main type‐H1 histone gene promoters : their role in H1 gene expression

Meergans¹,

Albig²,

Doenecke³

1998

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…Although genes that code for H3.3 are separately located in the genome, those that code for H3.1 and H3.2 are located as histone clusters. In the case of all four genes that code for H3.1, all are localized in the major histone cluster HIST1 on Chromosome 13 [21,22]. More than half of the genes encoding H3.2 are also localized in the same cluster on Chromosome 13.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H3.1 is coded by 4 genes, Hist1h3a (NM_013550.4), Hist1h3g (NM_145073.2), Hist1h3h (NM_178206.2), and Hist1h3i (NM_178207.2), included in the same histone cluster on chromosome 13 [21,22]. However, its individual expression in mammalian preimplantation embryos has not been reported.…”

Section: The Expression Level Of Endogenous H31 Is Low At the Stagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Expression and Nuclear Deposition of Histone H3.1 in Murine Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos

Kawamura

Akiyama

Tsukamoto³

et al. 2012

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. Differentiated oocytes acquire totipotency through fertilization. During this transition, genome-wide chromatin remodeling occurs, which leads to change in gene expression. However, the mechanism that underlies this global change in chromatin structure has not been fully elucidated. Histone variants play a key role in defining chromatin structure and are implicated in inheritance of epigenetic information. In this study, we analyzed the nuclear localization and expression of H3.1 to elucidate the role of this histone variant in chromatin remodeling during oogenesis and preimplantation development. Analysis using Flag-tagged H3.1 transgenic mice revealed that Flag-H3.1 was not present in differentiated oocytes or early preimplantation embryos before the morula stage, although Flag-H3.1 mRNA was expressed at all stages examined. In addition, the expression levels of endogenous H3.1 genes were low at the stages where H3.1 was not present in chromatin. These results suggest that H3.1 is not incorporated into chromatin due to the inactivity of the histone chaperone and low mRNA expression level. The significance of the dynamics of H3.1 is evaluated in terms of chromatin remodeling that takes place during development.

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“…Core histone genes of diverse species have clustered features (2). There are two clusters of histone genes in mammalian cells, with the larger cluster (human chromosome 6, mouse chromosome 13) comprising ϳ80% of the genes and the smaller one (human chromosome 1, mouse chromosome 3) containing the remaining (3)(4)(5). In Drosophila, multicopied core and linker histone genes are clustered as ϳ5-kb repeats on chromosome 2 (6); Xenopus histone genes are similarly organized (7).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the human H2B (hH2B) 3 gene promoter contains an octamer element (ATTTGCAT) that anchors octamer binding transcription factor 1 (Oct-1), which recruits OCA-S to bring about S-phase-specific H2B expression (9). The transcription of mammalian (core) histone genes is mediated by subtype-specific promoter elements and associated transcription (co)factors (10 -13); however, the expression of these genes is highly coordinated via a mechanism that is not yet characterized (2, 4, 9 -12, 14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila Octamer Elements and Pdm-1 Dictate the Coordinated Transcription of Core Histone Genes

Lee

Toh

Yaw

et al. 2010

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We reveal a set of divergent octamer elements in Drosophila melanogaster (dm) core histone gene promoters. These elements recruit transcription factor POU-domain protein in D. melanogaster 1 (Pdm-1), which along with co-activator dmOct-1 coactivator in S-phase (dmOCA-S), activates transcription from at least the Drosophila histone 2B (dmH2B) and 4 (dmH4) promoters in a fashion similar to the transcription of mammalian histone 2B (H2B) gene activated by octamer binding transcription factor 1 (Oct-1) and Oct-1 coactivator in S-phase (OCA-S). The expression of core histone genes in both kingdoms is coordinated; however, although the expression of mammalian histone genes involves subtype-specific transcription factors and/or co-activator(s), the expression of Drosophila core histone genes is regulated by a common module (Pdm-1/ dmOCA-S) in a directly coordinated manner. Finally, dmOCA-S is recruited to the Drosophila histone locus bodies in the S-phase, marking S-phase-specific transcription activation of core histone genes.Transcription is the foremost critical step for regulating gene activities. Transcription regulation involves interplay among trans-acting activities such as general and gene-specific transcription factors and co-activators in conjunction with RNA polymerase II and cis-acting regulatory elements such as core and proximal promoter elements that are pivotal in recruiting transcription regulators to specify gene expression programs; in turn, changes in transcription (co)factor activities and/or selectivity dictate gene expression outputs, and understanding mechanistic aspects of various gene expression programs often leads to a better understanding of many aspects of physiology (1).We are interested in characterizing the cis-and trans-regulatory networks of the Drosophila core histone genes, which are among the most conserved eukaryotic genes. The conserved DNA replication-dependent canonical histone genes belong to a multigene family, and the encoded proteins (core histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 and linker histone H1) are essential components of nucleosomes, the building blocks of metazoan chromatin. Core histone genes of diverse species have clustered features (2). There are two clusters of histone genes in mammalian cells, with the larger cluster (human chromosome 6, mouse chromosome 13) comprising ϳ80% of the genes and the smaller one (human chromosome 1, mouse chromosome 3) containing the remaining (3-5). In Drosophila, multicopied core and linker histone genes are clustered as ϳ5-kb repeats on chromosome 2 (6); Xenopus histone genes are similarly organized (7).Histone biosynthesis occurs almost exclusively in the S-phase (8). For instance, the human H2B (hH2B) 3 gene promoter contains an octamer element (ATTTGCAT) that anchors octamer binding transcription factor 1 (Oct-1), which recruits OCA-S to bring about S-phase-specific H2B expression (9). The transcription of mammalian (core) histone genes is mediated by subtype-specific promoter elements and associated transcription (co)factors (10 -13)...

show abstract

Characterization of the mouse histone gene cluster on chromosome 13: 45 histone genes in three patches spread over 1Mb.

Cited by 71 publications

References 51 publications

Conserved sequence elements in human main type‐H1 histone gene promoters : their role in H1 gene expression

Conserved sequence elements in human main type‐H1 histone gene promoters : their role in H1 gene expression

The Expression and Nuclear Deposition of Histone H3.1 in Murine Oocytes and Preimplantation Embryos

Drosophila Octamer Elements and Pdm-1 Dictate the Coordinated Transcription of Core Histone Genes

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