Characterization of the performance of commercial Ni/MH batteries

Nagarajan, Gowri S.; Zee, J. W. Van

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(97)02661-x

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…When nonwoven fabric made of chemically stable sulfonated-PP is used as a separator instead of a conventional polyamide separator, the self-discharge rate of the NiMH battery was strongly depressed, to the same level as that of NiCd battery. 240,242,243 Recently Nagarajan et al 244 materials and cell performance. They used a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to determine the materials used as separators.…”

Section: Nickel−metal Hydridementioning

confidence: 99%

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Battery Separators

Arora¹,

Zhang²

2004

Chem. Rev.

1,958

1,474

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The ideal battery separator would be infinitesimally thin, offer no resistance to ionic transport in electrolytes, provide infinite resistance to electronic conductivity for isolation of electrodes, be highly tortuous to prevent dendritic growths, and be inert to chemical reactions. Unfortunately, in the real world the ideal case does not exist. Real world separators are electronically insulating membranes whose ionic resistivity is brought to the desired range by manipulating the membranes thickness and porosity. It is clear that no single separator satisfies all the needs of battery designers, and compromises have to be made. It is ultimately the application that decides which separator is most suitable. We hope that this paper will be a useful tool and will help the battery manufacturers in selecting the most appropriate separators for their batteries and respective applications. The information provided is purely technical and does not include other very important parameters, such as cost of production, availability, and long-term stability. There has been a continued demand for thinner battery separators to increase battery power and capacity. This has been especially true for lithiumion batteries used in portable electronics. However, it is very important to ensure the continued safety of batteries, and this is where the role of the separator is greatest. Thus, it is essential to optimize all the components of battery to improve the performance while maintaining the safety of these cells. Separator manufacturers should work along with the battery manufacturers to create the next generation of batteries with increased reliability and performance, but always keeping safety in mind. This paper has attempted to present a comprehensive review of literature on separators used in various batteries. It is evident that a wide variety of separators are available and that they are critical components in batteries. In many cases, the separator is one of the major factors limiting the life and/or performance of batteries. Consequently, development of new improved separators would be very beneficial for the advanced high capacity batteries.

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Section: Nickel−metal Hydridementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently Nagarajan et al characterized three different commercial AA cells and compared the materials and cell performance. They used a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) to determine the materials used as separators.…”

Section: 42 Nickel−metal Hydridementioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Separators

Arora¹,

Zhang²

2004

Chem. Rev.

1,958

1,474

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“…18,19 These cylindrical commercial cells contain a positive electrode Ni(OH) 2 , separator and a metallic alloy negative electrode, which are wound tightly in a spiral arrangement and contained in a steel casing. 20 A discharged cylindrical AAA-Ni/MH battery from SANIK was placed vertically in the beam and a horizontal CT scan was collected. The reconstructed CT data gave us full scattering patterns from each individual pixel in the horizontal scan, allowing us to spatially map scattering intensities from different points in Q-space.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, features from steel are also seen within the battery in the form of a dotted line from a perforated metal foil, which serves as a substrate and current collector for the negative anode. 20 The remaining, major components in the battery are amorphous phases, which are harder to characterize with conventional diffraction, as they show no long-range order or characteristic Bragg peaks. However, relatively intense diffuse scattering from these materials is seen in the Q-range below 2 Å −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-Ray Diffraction Computed Tomography for Structural Analysis of Electrode Materials in Batteries

Jensen

Yang²,

Laveda³

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We report the use of X-ray diffraction in combination with computed tomography to provide quantitative information of a coin cell Li-ion battery and a commercial Ni/MH AAA battery for the first time. This technique allows for structural information to be garnered and opens up the possibility of tracking nanostructural changes in operandi. In the case of the cylindrically wound, standard AAA Ni/MH cell, we were able to map all the different phases in the complex geometry, including anode, cathode, current collector and casing, as well as amorphous phases such as the binder and separator. In the case of a Li-ion coin cell battery, we show how the X-ray diffraction tomography data can be used to map crystal texture of the LiCoO 2 particles over the cathode film. Our results reveal that the LiCoO 2 microparticles show a high degree of preferred orientation, but that this effect is not homogenous over the film, which may affect the electrochemical properties. The design of future energy storage materials relies on an intimate understanding of structural changes occurring as the system operates. While the design of methods for in situ observation of changes in materials is difficult, a number of techniques exist which provide vital information on the physical and chemical transformations occurring in, for example, electrode materials in Li-ion batteries. In situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), 1-4 X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), 2,5,6 X-ray transmission microscopy, 3,7 and Mössbauer spectroscopy 8 have allowed for local electronic and atomic structure determination for a range of candidate materials for Li-ion battery electrodes. However, the continued development of in situ characterization tools is crucial for improving our understanding of the mechanisms governing the performance of batteries.Recently, dynamic X-ray computed tomography (CT) techniques have emerged as an excellent tool for studying microstructural changes and building up a quantitative picture on the scale of particle size. [9][10][11][12] For example, Woo and coworkers have used synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy to observe the complex conversion reactions occurring in SnO 2 electrodes, where phase evolution and particle cracking in individual 30 μm-sized particles were observed. 13Wang et al. have also shown that recently developed synchrotron X-ray nanotomography can be applied to tin anodes.14,15 For Li-ion battery research and for smaller commercial applications, coin or button cells are the preferred geometries, and many commercial batteries have a complex spiral wound geometry. However, to date, the CT methods reported have required the design and construction of specialized battery cells. Studies of chemical and structural changes in commercial devices, using spatially resolved, quantitative, non-destructive characterization methods are highly desirable, as this would provide a method to study electrode reactions in situ as realistically as possible. To this end we set out to develop the capability of applying the recently desc...

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Regeneration of Polyolefin Separators from Spent Li‐Ion Battery for Second Life

Natarajan

Subramanyan

Dhanalakshmi

et al. 2020

Batteries & Supercaps

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The increased usage of Lithium ion batteries and dominance in the consumer applications bring out a vast quantity of hazardous spent LIBs into the waste stream. Current recycling industries/technologies have engrossed only to recover the maximum valuable metal sources from the spent LIBs and the ignorance of harmful polyolefins (separators/polymers) in a huge amount would earn environmental hazards and impedes the reuse applications. In this study, for the first time, we have simply recovered the used separator from spent LIBs, cleaned with de‐ionized water and reutilized the separator without any modification for new battery fabrication to emphasize “3R” principles in green chemistry. First, the recovered separator has been examined by characterization techniques including tensile strength, differential scanning calorimetry, ionic conductivity, electrolyte uptake, and interfacial resistance, etc. to validate the suitability for re‐use and compared with a commercial separator of Celgard. The obtained results endorsed to reuse the separator in a half‐cell configuration by employing LiMn2O4 as a cathode and Li metal as an anode. The test cell displayed almost equal capacity of ∼123 mAh g−1 at 25 mA g−1 using the recovered separator and achieved better cycling life. These outcomes evidently prove that the recovered separator from spent LIBs would replace the commercial separator for the battery application in the near future that helps to accomplish the complete recycling process of spent LIBs for the industries where the recovery of metals only being effectively recycled.

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Characterization of the performance of commercial Ni/MH batteries

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Battery Separators

Battery Separators

X-Ray Diffraction Computed Tomography for Structural Analysis of Electrode Materials in Batteries

Regeneration of Polyolefin Separators from Spent Li‐Ion Battery for Second Life

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