Characterization of the Risk Factors Associated With Urinary Tract Infection (Uti) in Lebanon, and Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Hawthorn Extract Against Uti-Causative Bacteria

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are a major cause of comorbidity in patients with implied conditions. Identifying the risk factors associated with UTI is crucial to control the severe outcome. In this study, we aim at determining the factors associated with UTI, and identifying UTI most causative pathogens. In addition, we aim at assessing the sensitivity of antibiotics on the most common strains causing UTI, and evaluating the antibacterial activity of the natural hawthorn extract in vitro. A total of 100 urine samples were collected from patients in Mount and South Lebanon. UTI causative strains were identified using Vitek 2 and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The antibacterial activity of hawthorn was determined by agar well diffusion method, and biofilm formation assay. The results revealed a prevalence of 51% of UTI among patients in Mount and South Lebanon. UTI significantly correlated with different risk factors such as diabetes, heart disease, catheters use, caffeinated energy drinks, vitamin D deficiency, and menopause. Moreover, Hawthorn fruits and leaves ethanolic extract exhibited a good antibacterial activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative resistant bacteria. Thus, Hawthorn extract could serve as a promising therapeutic alternative for antibiotics used against UTI-causing bacteria.