Characterization of the second internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA of Calicophoron daubneyi from various hosts and locations in southern Italy

Calicophoron daubneyi in sheep and cattle of Sardinia, Italy

“…All the Sardinian isolates showed no intra-specifi c variation (homology = 100 %). As well, they were 100 % homologous when compared to C. daubneyi (AY790883.1) reported from Southern Italy by Rinaldi et al, (2005). The next best match (97.2 % homology) was P. cervi, (HM026462.1).…”

“…In most of cases, adult fl ukes inhabit the rumen and/ or reticulum without damage (Rolfe et al, 1994), while immature fl ukes are found in the upper small intestine where can cause serious morbidity by protein loss, decrease of milk production and weight, oedema and eventually death (Horak, 1971;Rangel-Ruiz et al, 2003, Rolfe et al, 1994. Studies carried out in Europe (Mage et al, 2002;Cringoli et al, 2004 ;Rinaldi et al, 2005;Díaz et al, 2007;Rieu et al, 2007;Foster et al, 2008;Murphy et al, 2008, González-Warleta et al, 2013 have shown an increased prevalence in the last few years. This should probably been caused by the climate changes with warmer winters and wetter summers that positively infl uenced the life-cycle of the parasite (Gordon et al, 2013).…”

“…It is well known that the identifi cation of amphistome's species can be quite diffi cult leading to a possible misclassifi cation (Horak, 1971;Mage et al, 2002), but nowadays, molecular biology techniques represents an additional tool for this purpose. PCR amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of DNA segments with a high substitution rate, such as the internal transcribed spacers from the ribosomal DNA (rDNA), are the most frequent procedures for taxa recognition (Itagaki et al, 2003;Otranto et al, 2013;Rinaldi et al, 2005;Sanabria et al 2009). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution of Paramphistomidae in sheep and cattle farms in the Sardinia region using a coprological, necroscopic and molecular survey.…”

A review on the molecular characterization of digenean parasites using molecular markers with special reference to ITS region

“…Miura et al (2005) reported the absence of heterozygosity in ITS-1 genes, which did not provide any support of gene fl ow among different lineages. Some workers suggested the ITS-2 as effective marker for species identifi cation, phylogenetic relations and developmental stages as well as molecular epidemiology and infection control (Rinaldi et al, 2005;Curran et al, 2006;Bazsalovicsová et al, 2010;Lotfy et al, 2010;Shylla et al, 2011;Ghatani et al, 2012;Phalee et al, 2014;Bian et al, 2013;Portier et al, 2012). In helminth parasites, ITS pseudogenes and mitochondrial genes are present and identifi cation of ITS region is not easy due to non-protein coding nature as compared to mitochondrial genes (Benasson et al, 2001).…”

“…The important species are Paramphistomum cervi, Calicophoron calicophorum, Gigantocotyle symmeri and Explanatum explanatum. Rinaldi et al (2005) genetically identifi ed Calicophoron daubneyi from different hosts from Italy using ITS-2, 5.8S and 28S region sequences with the help of PCR-RFLP. Any intra-specifi c variations were not detected in nucleotide constitution of ITS-2+ (100 % similarity) while inter-specifi c variations in ITS-2+ of C. daubneyi and C. calicophorum (97.2 % similarity) and C. microbothrioides (97.4 % similarity) were observed.…”