Characterization of the trabecular bone structure using frequency modulated ultrasound pulse

Lin, Wei; Xia, Yi; Qin, Yi‐Xian

doi:10.1121/1.3126993

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…First, the exact value of BUA might change with the frequency ranges used to fit the straight line (Lin et al 2009). In current study, the frequency range was chosen as 0.4–0.9 MHz because the signal to noise ratio was highest in this range for the experimental setup.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Phase Cancellation and Receiver Aperture Size on Broadband Ultrasonic Attenuation for Trabecular Bone In Vitro

Cheng

Serra‐Hsu

Tian

et al. 2011

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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Phase cancellation in ultrasound due to large receiver size has been proposed as a contributing factor to the inaccuracy of estimating broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), which is used to characterize bone quality. Transducers with aperture size ranging from 2 to 5 mm have been used in previous attempts to study the effect of phase cancellation. However, these receivers themselves are susceptible to phase cancellation because aperture size is close to one center wavelength (about 3 mm at 500 KHz in water). This study uses an ultra small receiver (aperture size: 0.2mm) in conjunction with a newly developed 2-D synthetic array system to investigate the effects of phase cancellation and receiver aperture size on BUA estimations of bone tissue. In vitro ultrasound measurements were conducted on 54 trabecular bone samples (harvested from sheep femurs) in a confocal configuration with a focused transmitter and synthesized focused receivers of different aperture sizes. Phase sensitive (PS) and phase insensitive (PI) detections were performed. The results show that phase cancellation does have a significant effect on BUA. The normalized BUA (nBUA) with PS is 8.1% higher than PI nBUA while PI BUA is well correlated with PS BUA. Receiver aperture size also influences the BUA reading for both PI and PS detection and smaller receiver aperture tends to result in higher BUA readings. The results also indicate that the receiver aperture size used in the confocal configuration with PI detection should at least equal the aperture of the transmitter to capture most of the energy redistributed by the interference and diffraction from the trabecular bone.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Phase Cancellation and Receiver Aperture Size on Broadband Ultrasonic Attenuation for Trabecular Bone In Vitro

Cheng

Serra‐Hsu

Tian

et al. 2011

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology

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“…Reports of nonlinear frequency-dependent attenuation in human cancellous bone (Chaffa€ ı et al, 2000;Wear, 2001a;Lin et al, 2009) suggest that higher order terms (a 2 , a 3 ,…), though small in magnitude, may be significant in some instances. The phase of H(x), denoted by D/(x), and the phase velocity, denoted by v(x), of the sample may also be approximated by polynomials (again over a limited band of frequencies such as the experimental frequency band),…”

Section: A Parametric Modelmentioning

confidence: 97%

Nonlinear attenuation and dispersion in human calcaneus in vitro: Statistical validation and relationships to microarchitecture

Wear

2015

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Through-transmission measurements were performed on 30 human calcaneus samples in vitro. Nonlinear attenuation and dispersion measurements were investigated by estimating 95% confidence intervals of coefficients of polynomial expansions of log magnitude and phase of transmission coefficients. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured with dual x-ray absorptiometry. Microarchitecture was measured with microcomputed tomography. Statistically significant nonlinear attenuation and nonzero dispersion were confirmed for a clinical bandwidth of 300-750 kHz in 40%-43% of bone samples. The mean linear coefficient for attenuation was 10.3 dB/cm MHz [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.0-11.6 dB/cm MHz]. The mean quadratic coefficient for attenuation was 1.6 dB/cm MHz(2) (95% CI: 0.4-2.8 dB/cm MHz(2)). Nonlinear attenuation provided little information regarding BMD or microarchitecture. The quadratic coefficient for phase (which is related to dispersion) showed moderate correlations with BMD (r = -0.65; 95% CI: -0.82 to -0.36), bone surface-to-volume ratio (r = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.12-0.72) and trabecular thickness (r = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.67 to -0.03). Dispersion was proportional to bone volume fraction raised to an exponent of 2.1 ± 0.2, which is similar to the value for parallel nylon-wire phantoms (2.4 ± 0.2) and supports a multiple-scattering model for dispersion.

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“…Therefore, poroelastic wave propagation theory is conceptually more appropriate than the homogenized equivalent media approach to characterize the properties of a porous medium. Isotropic poroelasticity theory has been used for many years to analyze wave propagation in cancellous bone (Williams 1992; Hosokawa and Otani, 1997, 1998; Haire & Langton 1999; Kaczmarek et al, 2002; Fellah et al, 2004; Wear 2005, 2009, 2010; Pakula et al, 2008; Cardoso et al, 2008), but it is only recently that the role of microarchitecture (Xia et al, 2007; Cardoso et al, 2008; Sasso et al, 2008; Haïat et al, 2008; Pakula 2009; Lin et al, 2009; Nguyen et al, 2010) has been included in poroelasticity theory through the fabric tensor (Cowin and Cardoso 2011). The fabric-dependent anisotropic poroelastic ultrasound (PEU) approach developed by Cowin and Cardoso (2011) has the advantage of providing a theoretical framework to describe the relationship between measurable wave properties (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of structural anisotropy of biological tissues in poroelastic wave propagation

Cardoso

Cowin

2012

Mechanics of Materials

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Ultrasound waves have a broad range of clinical applications as a non-destructive testing approach in imaging and in the diagnoses of medical conditions. Generally, biological tissues are modeled as an homogenized equivalent medium with an apparent density through which a single wave propagates. Only the first wave arriving at the ultrasound probe is used for the measurement of the speed of sound. However, the existence of a second wave in tissues such as cancellous bone has been reported and its existence is an unequivocal signature of Biot type poroelastic media. To account for the fact that ultrasound is sensitive to microarchitecture as well as density, a fabric-dependent anisotropic poroelastic ultrasound (PEU) propagation theory was recently developed. Key to this development was the inclusion of the fabric tensor - a quantitative stereological measure of the degree of structural anisotropy of bone - into the linear poroelasticity theory. In the present study, this framework is extended to the propagation of waves in several soft and hard tissues. It was found that collagen fibers in soft tissues and the mineralized matrix in hard tissues are responsible for the anisotropy of the solid tissue constituent through the fabric tensor in the model.

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Characterization of the trabecular bone structure using frequency modulated ultrasound pulse

Cited by 14 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of Phase Cancellation and Receiver Aperture Size on Broadband Ultrasonic Attenuation for Trabecular Bone In Vitro

Effects of Phase Cancellation and Receiver Aperture Size on Broadband Ultrasonic Attenuation for Trabecular Bone In Vitro

Nonlinear attenuation and dispersion in human calcaneus in vitro: Statistical validation and relationships to microarchitecture

Role of structural anisotropy of biological tissues in poroelastic wave propagation

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