Characterization of toxic effects in acute poisoning with methanol and ethanol

Samoylov, A.N.; Николаевич, Самойлов Александр; Barieva, Ajgul’ M.; Маратовна, Бариева Айгуль

doi:10.17816/ov17916

Ophthalmology Reports

2020

DOI: 10.17816/ov17916

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Characterization of toxic effects in acute poisoning with methanol and ethanol

A.N. Samoylov

Самойлов Александр Николаевич²,

Ajgul’ M. Barieva

et al.

Abstract: Toxic damage to the optic nerve is one of the causes of the development of degenerative processes in the fibers of the optic nerve, leading to its atrophy. Exposure to methanol and ethanol is associated with the damaging effects of metabolites, which lead to ATP deficiency. Knowledge and understanding of pathogenetic processes can help the doctor to make a timely diagnosis, which will allow the start of etiopathogenetic therapy as early as possible. The prognosis for acute poisoning with methanol and ethanol d… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

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Development of Antifreeze Fracturing Fluid Systems for Tight Petroleum Reservoir Stimulations

Wu¹,

Chen

Meng³

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Most newly developed oil fields worldwide are ultralow permeability reservoirs, especially the Bakken and Eagle in North America as well as the Erdos and Jimusar in China. Therefore, the technology of stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) has become a critical method to improve hydrocarbon production. However, field operations in the winter season are usually confronted with numerous difficulties. For instance, conventional water-based fracturing fluid and liquid additives are easy to freeze up, and therefore, the gelation performance will be compromised. Accordingly, based on the application performance analysis of current antifreeze additive application status in many fields, several different inorganic salts and alcohols as antifreeze additives were selected. In this study, the formula of the antifreeze fracturing fluid system was designed and optimized based on the evaluations of the addition of different types of antifreeze candidates on the fracturing fluid performance. Results showed that when the environmental temperature was above −15 °C, alcohols (e.g., tetraethylene glycol) and inorganic salts with low concentrations could be employed as an antifreeze and they had nearly no negative effect on the viscosity and the cross-linking performance of the fracturing fluid. In this circumstance, the optimum composition was 0.2% hydrocarbon propyl guar gum, 0.2% borax, 1%MJ-1, and 0.5% tetraethylene glycol. In addition, when the environmental temperature is below −20 °C, the freezing resistance in the aqueous solution of alcohols was limited. At this time, NaCl with mass ratio higher than 15% showed the best antifreezing effect. However, the large amount of addition of inorganic salts would significantly reduce the viscosity of the fracturing fluid. The optimal concentration of guar gum in the antifreeze fracturing fluid system should increase to 0.4%, and the optimal concentration of borax was 0.3%. In addition, 0.1− 0.5% tetraethylene glycol can also be used as an antifreeze if the operation time is less than 6 h. The development of this antifreeze fracturing fluid can further elongate the current fracturing time in winter. Moreover, the experimental results can provide a guide for the field fracturing fluid operation and application.

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Development of Antifreeze Fracturing Fluid Systems for Tight Petroleum Reservoir Stimulations

Wu¹,

Chen

Meng³

et al. 2021

Energy Fuels

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Acute Chemical Poisoning in an Industrial City: Current Situation, Dynamics and Forecast

Marchenko,

Deryabkina,

Nesterova

et al. 2023

PH&LE

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Introduction: The urgency of the problem of acute chemical poisoning is attributed to the fact that it is the cause of poor health, disability and premature death of the population, as well as a significant medical and socio-economic damage. Objective: To conduct a retrospective and prospective epidemiological study of acute chemical poisoning based on the results of toxicological monitoring in the city of Taganrog for 2008–2022. Materials and methods: We carried out a comprehensive analysis of statistical reporting forms and a personalized database of 2,466 cases of acute chemical poisoning registered in the city of Taganrog, Rostov Region, in 2008–2022. To do this, we used software of our own design and professional software packages IBM SPSS Statistics version 19.0 and Matlab R2021a with a set of tools for synthesizing and analyzing neural networks Neural Network Toolbox. Results: Over the 15-year period under study, trends towards a decrease in the rates of acute chemical poisoning, mortality and lethality had formed, as confirmed by a favorable assessment of the situation based on regional criteria and actual risk indicators. Alcohol surrogates, pharmaceutical drugs, and carbon monoxide remain the priority etiological causes of poisoning. Relatively high rates were observed among children aged 0–6 not attending preschools and schoolchildren aged 7–17, as well as among the unemployed and pensioners, which allowed us to attribute them to risk groups. High accuracy of forecasts generated using artificial neural networks has been confirmed. Conclusion: The results of toxicological monitoring are the basis for assessing the situation and optimizing toxicological care, both necessary for managerial decision-making and elaboration of targeted chemical safety programs.

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Methanol Intoxication Presenting With Bilateral Optic Neuritis and Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy

Saad¹,

Fouad²,

Nowara³

2022

Cureus

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A 52-year-old male presented nine days following accidental methanol ingestion with a drop of vision in both eyes. A complete ophthalmic assessment was performed, with a referral to a neurologist for multidisciplinary management. On ophthalmological evaluation, visual acuity was hand motion (HM) bilaterally with swollen optic discs. Macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed a picture consistent with paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) in both eyes, and brain magnetic resonance imaging showed ischemic insults. Slight visual improvement was detected following steroid and antiplatelet therapy. At two months of follow-up, bilateral optic atrophy ensued. Special attention must be given to the macular assessment and not just the optic nerve when considering a case of methanol toxicity, as methanol intoxication can lead to ischemic manifestations.

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Characterization of toxic effects in acute poisoning with methanol and ethanol

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

Development of Antifreeze Fracturing Fluid Systems for Tight Petroleum Reservoir Stimulations

Development of Antifreeze Fracturing Fluid Systems for Tight Petroleum Reservoir Stimulations

Acute Chemical Poisoning in an Industrial City: Current Situation, Dynamics and Forecast

Methanol Intoxication Presenting With Bilateral Optic Neuritis and Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy

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