Characterization of toxicants in urban road dust by Toxicity Identification Evaluation using ostracod Heterocypris incongruens direct contact test

Heavy Metals in Urban Dust

“…In most of the cases, it is generally difficult to identify the causal substances of toxic environmental samples. Watanabe et al and Khanal et al applied toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) approach to the road dust toxicity assessment by benthic ostracod H. incongruens [62,63]. In both of the studies, the two different types of adsorbents were used to manipulate the toxic substances in road dust, namely, Ambersorb/XAD for hydrophobic organic matter and Chelex/SIR-300 for cationic metals.…”

“…Watanabe et al showed that the adsorbent for hydrophobic organic matter was effective to reduce the toxicity of all the three road dust tested and concluded that the heavy metals were not considered to be major toxicants in the dust sample [62]. In contrast, Khanal et al indicated that the adsorbent effectiveness depended on the dust samples ( Figure 5) and one of the dust samples (St. 7 in Figure 5) became less toxic only by the adsorbent for cationic metals [63].…”

“…The unique loci to each exposure treatment were identified, and they considered Figure 5. Toxicity reduction by adsorbent addition to urban road dust [63]. Baseline indicates toxicity of urban road dust without adsorbent addition.…”

Exhausting all avenues: why impacts of air pollution should be part of road ecology

“…; Khanal et al . ) and genotoxic effects (increased chromosomal abnormalities and elevated micronuclei frequencies; Spósito et al . ; Steiner et al .…”

“…J Biotic responses to VRBAP Due to its cytotoxic effects (increased cell death and intensified oxidative stress; Lodovici and Bigagli 2011;Navarro-Castilla et al 2014;Khanal et al 2015) and genotoxic effects (increased chromosomal abnormalities and elevated micronuclei frequencies; Spósito et al 2015;Steiner et al 2016), VRBAP poses a serious threat to biota. Ultimately, these harmful effects culminate in negative fitness consequences such as developmental abnormalities, impaired organism functioning, and the inhibition of certain behaviors (eg species interactions) (Wik and Dave 2009; Girling et al 2013;Vujic et al 2015).…”