Characterization of Turkish honeys regarding of physicochemical properties, and their adulteration analysis

Abstract

This work was conducted to evaluate the quality of 54 honey samples from eighteen different origins from Turkey. Physicochemical properties were examined according to ADAC methods, total phenolic and flavonoid contents by a spectrophotometric method and authenticity of honeys by Combustion Module -Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CM-CRDS). The microscopic analysis of honey sediment (mellissopalynology) was carried out to identify and count the pollen to provide qualitative indicators to confirm botanical origin. The moisture, electrical conductivity and free acidity of honeys ranged from 15.56 to 18.39%, 0.143 to 2.006 mS.cm . The highest proline was determined in thyme honey. The results showed that honeys contained eminent amounts of phenolics and flavonoids. δ 13 C values of honeys were more negative than -23.5‰. The C 4 % sugar ratios were lower than 7% value. The lowest glucose-fructose content was observed in eucalyptus, cedar and pine honey samples. The results obtained for physicochemical characteristics, total phenolic and flavonoid contents an authenticity analysis of Turkish honeys indicate a good quality level, adequate processing, good maturity and freshness. The discrimination between honey types was achieved by PCA.Keywords: Combustion Module-Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy; C 4 sugar; unifloral honeys; diastase; proline Practical Application: Honey market is a large part of the economy for many countries. Unfortunately due to large market profit for honey sales, adulteration is extremely widespread. This study indicated the results of analysis of the reliable and high-throughput instrument Combustion Module-Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CM-CRDS) for the determination of C 4 sugar adulteration in honey for the first time. We consider that CM-CRDS will be useful for food control and analysis. Additionally, the present research furnished a detailed qualification of honey samples from eighteen different Turkish origins in terms of chemical and physicochemical properties.

Geographical origin of honey from eight sub-regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina

“…Similarly, Belouali et al (2008) successfully classified 42 honey samples from the area of eastern Morocco into two groups: forest and nectar honey. The present results are in good agreement with other similar experiments performed on samples of honey from different regions around the world (Santos et al 2008;Uršulin-Trstenjak et al 2015;Kivrak et al 2017).…”

“…A specific dendogram was obtained using CA grouping ( Figure 1B) in which the smaller groups from the areas of C, BU, and BK are shown. Chestnut honey was found to group separately according to areas or season of production also in other research (ŠariĆ et al 2008;Kivrak et al 2017). For linden honey, PC1 explained 20.36% of variability and was positively correlated with HMF, Al, and Pb content and negatively correlated with K, acidity and diastase activity.…”

Melissopalynology and antioxidant properties used to differentiate Schefflera abyssinica and polyfloral honey

“…This can possibly differentiate the fraud and doubtful labeling of Schefflera abyssinica and polyfloral honey collected from Sheka Forest. The report of Kivrak et al [ 85 ] was in agreement with this finding. The monofloral honey on the right side of the positive value of PC 1 was trees of Schefflera abyssinica .…”

Carbon Stable-Isotope and Physicochemical Data as a Possible Tool to Differentiate between Honey-Production Environments in Uruguay

“…Differences in honey and extracted protein δ 13 C values indicate that all the analysed honey samples were genuine according to White and Winters’ [ 15 ] criteria. In addition, the δ 13 C values recorded for the eucalyptus honeys and their proteins are like those of honey from Turkey [ 26 ] and South America [ 27 ].…”