Characterization of Two
            <i>Autographa californica</i>
            Nucleopolyhedrovirus Proteins, Ac145 and Ac150, Which Affect Oral Infectivity in a Host-Dependent Manner

Lapointe, Renée; Popham, Holly J.R.; Straschil, Ursula; Goulding, David; O’Reilly, David R.; Olszewski, Julie A.

doi:10.1128/jvi.78.12.6439-6448.2004

Cited by 47 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A literature search revealed another 11 BV proteins in addition to the 34 identified in this study, making the total number of BV-associated proteins 45 (Table 3). Among the 11 reported proteins, 6 were reported to exist in the AcMNPV BV but were not identified by our current study, including BV/ODV-E26 (AC16) (4), PCNA (AC49) (3), V-CATH (AC127) (52), EXON0 (AC141) (24), AC145 (54), and AC150 (54). Another five proteins, including VP91 (ORF86 of Orgyia pseudotsugata multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus [OpMNPV], a homologue of AC83) (90), BRO (ORF25 of Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus [SpltNPV], a homologue of AC2) (29), HA33 (ORF33 of HearNPV, a homologue of AC38) (113), BM42 (ORF42 of BmNPV, a homologue of AC53) (1), and BM68 (ORF68 of BmNPV, a homologue of AC82) (41), were found to be associated with BVs of baculoviruses other than AcMNPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Proteomics of the Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Budded Virions

Wang

Deng

Hou

et al. 2010

J Virol

166

169

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Baculoviruses produce two progeny phenotypes during their replication cycles. The occlusion-derived virus (ODV) is responsible for initiating primary infection in the larval midgut, and the budded virus (BV) phenotype is responsible for the secondary infection. The proteomics of several baculovirus ODVs have been revealed, but so far, no extensive analysis of BV-associated proteins has been conducted. In this study, the protein composition of the BV of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), the type species of baculoviruses, was analyzed by various mass spectrometry (MS) techniques, including liquid chromatographytriple quadrupole linear ion trap (LC-Qtrap), liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight (LC-Q-TOF), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF). SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF analyses showed that the three most abundant proteins of the AcMNPV BV were GP64, VP39, and P6.9. A total of 34 viral proteins associated with the AcMNPV BV were identified by the indicated methods. Thirteen of these proteins, PP31, AC58/59, AC66, IAP-2, AC73, AC74, AC114, AC124, chitinase, polyhedron envelope protein (PEP), AC132, ODV-E18, and ODV-E56, were identified for the first time to be BV-associated proteins. Western blot analyses showed that ODV-E18 and ODV-E25, which were previously thought to be ODV-specific proteins, were also present in the envelop fraction of BV. In addition, 11 cellular proteins were found to be associated with the AcMNPV BV by both LC-Qtrap and LC-Q-TOF analyses. Interestingly, seven of these proteins were also identified in other enveloped viruses, suggesting that many enveloped viruses may commonly utilize certain conserved cellular pathways.During the baculovirus infection cycle, two progeny virion phenotypes are produced, the budded virus (BV) and the occlusion-derived virus (ODV). The two phenotypes are genotypically identical, but each has characteristic structural components to accommodate its respective functions (37). ODVs are responsible for initiating primary infections in the midgut epithelial cells of susceptible hosts, while BVs are responsible for spreading the virus among cells and tissues in the host (48). At the early stage of the infection, the nucleocapsids are transported through the nuclear membranes and migrate across the cytosol to the cell membrane, where the virus buds out (BV). BVs acquire an envelope of virus-encoded proteins as they bud out of the cell membrane (50). In the late stages of the infection, the nucleocapsids within the nucleus are enveloped with a lipid bilayer that resembles, but is not identical to, the inner nuclear membrane (8, 37). Therefore, it is generally believed that the BV and ODV share the same components of the nucleocapsid but differ in their envelopes. However, detailed structures of the BV and ODV have not been elucidated totally.The availability of genome sequences has facilitated proteomic analyses of baculoviruses, especially by mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques. Since Braunagel et al. fir...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Proteomics of the Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Budded Virions

Wang

Deng

Hou

et al. 2010

J Virol

166

169

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“…The SfMNPV genotypes lacking this gene are able to produce a systemic infection but are less pathogenic in terms of lethal concentration and speed of kill than those with Sf29 in their genome, suggesting that this gene could play an important role in infectivity (48). Other genes have been described as viral infectivity factors, i.e., Ac23 (35), pe38 (38), Ac150 and Ac145 (29,57), or the enhancins (32,51). Interestingly, Ac23 is homologous to the F proteins of group II NPVs but plays a role different from that of F proteins in accelerating mortality in the host insect.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sf29 Gene of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Is a Viral Factor That Determines the Number of Virions in Occlusion Bodies

Simón

Williams

Asensio

et al. 2008

J Virol

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The genome of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) was inserted into a bacmid (Sfbac) and used to produce a mutant lacking open reading frame 29 (Sf29null). Sf29null bacmid DNA was able to generate an infection in S. frugiperda. Approximately six times less DNA was present in occlusion bodies (OBs) produced by the Sf29null bacmid in comparison to viruses containing this gene. This reduction in DNA content was consistent with fewer virus particles being packaged within Sf29null bacmid OBs, as determined by fractionation of dissolved polyhedra and comparison of occlusion-derived virus (ODV) infectivity in cell culture. DNA from Sfbac, Sf29null, or Sf29null-repair, in which the gene deletion had been repaired, were equally infectious when used to transfect S. frugiperda. All three viruses produced similar numbers of OBs, although those from Sf29null were 10-fold less infectious than viruses with the gene. Insects infected with Sf29null bacmid died ϳ24 h later than positive controls, consistent with the reduced virus particle content of Sf29null OBs. Transcripts from Sf29 were detected in infected insects 12 h prior to those from the polyhedrin gene. Homologs to Sf29 were present in other group II NPVs, and similar sequences were present in entomopoxviruses. Analysis of the Sf29 predicted protein sequence revealed signal peptide and transmembrane domains, but the presence of 12 potential N-glycosylation sites suggest that it is not an ODV envelope protein.Other motifs, including zinc-binding and threonine-rich regions, suggest degradation and adhesion functions. We conclude that Sf29 is a viral factor that determines the number of ODVs occluded in each OB.

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“…Whereas deletion of Ac145 alone showed no effect in H. virescens, a double deletion mutant showed a significant decline (39-fold) in H. virescens infectivity. As with the pif mutants, injection of the double mutants gave rise to infection rates comparable to wild-type BV, thus strongly suggesting that these proteins have roles in oral infectivity (Lapointe et al 2004).…”

Section: The Importance Of Per Os Infectivity Factors In Infectionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Host cell processes to accomplish mechanical and non-circulative virus transmission

et al. 2011

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Mechanical vector-less transmission of viruses, as well as vector-mediated non-circulative virus transmission, where the virus attaches only to the exterior of the vector during the passage to a new host, are apparently simple processes: the viruses are carried along with the wind, the food or by the vector to a new host. We discuss here, using the examples of the non-circulatively transmitted Cauliflower mosaic virus that binds to its aphid vector's exterior mouthparts, and that of the mechanically (during feeding activity) transmitted Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus, that transmission of these viruses is not so simple as previously thought. Rather, these viruses prepare their transmission carefully and long before the actual acquisition event. Host-virus interactions play a pivotal and specialised role in the future encounter with the vector or the new host. This ensures optimal propagation and enlarges the tremendous bottleneck transmission presents for viruses and other pathogens.

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Characterization of Two Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Proteins, Ac145 and Ac150, Which Affect Oral Infectivity in a Host-Dependent Manner

Cited by 47 publications

References 24 publications

Proteomics of the Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Budded Virions

Proteomics of the Autographa californica Nucleopolyhedrovirus Budded Virions

Sf29 Gene of Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Is a Viral Factor That Determines the Number of Virions in Occlusion Bodies

Host cell processes to accomplish mechanical and non-circulative virus transmission

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