Characterization of Two Marine Lignin-Degrading Consortia and the Potential Microbial Lignin Degradation Network in Nearshore Regions

Abstract

Numerous terrigenous lignin-containing plant materials are constantly discharged from rivers and estuaries into the marine system. However, only low levels of terrigenous organic carbon, especially lignin, are detected in the global marine system due to the abundance of active heterotrophic microorganisms driving the carbon cycle.

Botany and Phytochemisty of Dillwynia sericea to Adapt ecological changes

“…Phenolic aldehydes like vanillin and benzaldehyde derivatives such as 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzaldehyde are known for their antioxidant properties and may contribute to the plant's defence mechanisms [20,21]. Phenols like 2,6-dimethoxyhydroquinone and sinapyl alcohol play roles in lignin biosynthesis and plant defence against pathogens [22][23][24]. Compounds like pyrocatechol and catechol are simple phenolic compounds with various industrial applications, including as antioxidants and in synthesising pharmaceuticals and polymers [25][26][27].…”

The Phylogeny and Metabolic Potentials of a Lignocellulosic Material-Degrading Aliiglaciecola Bacterium Isolated from Intertidal Seawater in East China Sea

“…Regarding the genome, a gene of dyp-type peroxidase (encoded by QR722_RS02795) was predicted in strain LCG003, which initiates lignin decomposition via cleavage of the Cα-Cβ linkage of phenolic lignin compounds [53][54][55][56]. In addition, various genes in the degradation of aromatic compounds were predicted, including 4-hydroxybenzoate and vanillate (Table S9), which were the products of microbial lignin depolymerization [23]. Compared to the other three Aliiglaciecola strains, the genome of strain LCG003 contains several unique genes involved in 4-hydroxybenzoate oxidation, including 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase (pobA), protocatechuate 4,5dioxygenase alpha chain (ligA) and beta chain (ligB), 2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase (ligC), 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase (ligI), 4oxalomesaconate tautomerase (galD), 4-oxalmesaconate hydratase (ligJ) and 4-hydroxy-4methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (ligK).…”

“…Compared to the other three Aliiglaciecola strains, the genome of strain LCG003 contains several unique genes involved in 4-hydroxybenzoate oxidation, including 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase (pobA), protocatechuate 4,5dioxygenase alpha chain (ligA) and beta chain (ligB), 2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase (ligC), 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase (ligI), 4oxalomesaconate tautomerase (galD), 4-oxalmesaconate hydratase (ligJ) and 4-hydroxy-4methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (ligK). Moreover, the genes of the vanillate (4-hydroxy-3methoxybenzoate) monooxygenase subunits (vanA and vanB), as well as a GntR family In addition, various genes in the degradation of aromatic compounds were predicted, including 4-hydroxybenzoate and vanillate (Table S9), which were the products of microbial lignin depolymerization [23]. Compared to the other three Aliiglaciecola strains, the genome of strain LCG003 contains several unique genes involved in 4-hydroxybenzoate oxidation, including 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase (pobA), protocatechuate 4,5dioxygenase alpha chain (ligA) and beta chain (ligB), 2-hydroxy-4-carboxymuconate semialdehyde hemiacetal dehydrogenase (ligC), 2-pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylate lactonase (ligI), 4-oxalomesaconate tautomerase (galD), 4-oxalmesaconate hydratase (ligJ) and 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-oxoglutarate aldolase (ligK).…”

“…For example, ascomycetous fungi Halosarpheia ratnagiriensis (strain NIOCC #321) and Sordaria finicola (NIOCC #298) mineralized about 9-10% of the U-ring 14 C-labeled lignin to 14 CO 2 within 21 days [11]. However, only a few marine lignin-degrading bacteria were isolated, including species of Actinobacteria and Bacillota phyla and αand γ-Proteobacteria, such as Halomonas, Arthrobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Marinomonas, Thalassospira, Bacillus, Yangia, Pelagibaca, Salipiger, Celeribacter and Vibrio [7,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. The extent of marine microbial involvement in lignin degradation and their contribution to the oceanic carbon cycle remains elusive.…”

The impact of lignin content on the biodegradation of virgin paper pulps in soil and marine environment

“…Although the fate of lignin in soil and the humification process is still not well understood, humus is known to have an important role in carbon and nutrient cycling, and it improves the physical properties of soil (Thevenot et al 2010;Datta et al 2017). It has been speculated that in a marine environment bacteria play an important role in lignin degradation (Ley et al 2023;Lu et al 2020), but their contribution to the carbon cycle remains unclear.…”