“…Evidence suggests that species differences exist in the distributions and roles of -ARs in the bladder (for comprehensive review, see Michel and Vrydag, 2006). Bladder relaxation evoked by -AR agonists is mediated mainly via  1 -ARs in cats (Nergardh et al, 1977) and guinea pigs (Li et al, 1992), by  2 -ARs in rabbits, by both  2 -and  3 -ARs in rats (Yamazaki et al, 1998) and pigs (Yamanishi et al, 2002), and by  3 -ARs in the ferrets (Takeda et al, 2000), dogs (Yamazaki et al, 1998), and primates (Takeda et al, 2002a). Based on mRNA expression, at least 95% of the adrenoceptor message in human bladder comprises the  3 -AR subtype (Nomiya and Yamaguchi, 2003).…”