Characterization, source apportionment, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soil of Nanjing, China

Yang, Jingyu; Yu, Fei; Yu, Yuanchun; JunYe, Zhang; Wang, Ruhai; Srinivasulu, M.; Vasenev, Viacheslav

doi:10.1007/s11368-016-1585-0

Cited by 41 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Recently, elevated concentrations of seven PAHs (∑ of NPT, FLE, PHE, ANT, FLT, PYR & BaP) (956-2714 μg kg −1 ) were reported in soils from power station area, interstate bus terminals and heavy traffic intersections in Delhi [34]. On comparison with similar studies from other countries, the observed concentrations were much less than concentrations reported for Beijing (736 ± 894 μg/kg) [35], Orlando (3227 ± 4676 μg/kg) and Thampa (4562 ± 10,031 μg/ kg) Florida in USA [36], Shengli (2160 μg/kg) [37], Xian (2053 μg/kg) [38], Shandong (3016 μg/kg) [39], Nanjing (980 μg/kg) [40], Ulsan (810 μg/kg) and Pohang (2384 μg/ kg) [41], Kathmandu (1172 μg/kg) [42], Cape Town (4080 ± 2640 μg/kg) [43], and San Mateo Ixtatán (1401 μg/ kg) [13]. But, PAHs concentrations in our study were above than those reported from Gwangju (51.2 μg/kg) [10] and Gyeonggi (253 μg/kg) [41].…”

Section: Levels Of Pahssupporting

confidence: 67%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and rural residential soils, levels, composition profiles, source identification and health risk & hazard

et al. 2020

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Section: Levels Of Pahssupporting

confidence: 67%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and rural residential soils, levels, composition profiles, source identification and health risk & hazard

et al. 2020

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“…Besides the input of these natural substances modified by anthropogenic processes, persistent xenobiotics play an important and continuously increasing role in C sequestration, especially in urban soils. These xeno‐C stocks include (a) asphalt and bitumen resins used for road construction (Kida & Kawahigashi, ); (b) plastics and polymers (i.e., polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutene, polyvinyl chloride, Teflon, thermoplastics, and elastomers) used for construction (e.g., tubes and pipes) and food industries (e.g., packaging; Skariyachan et al, ; Yabannavar & Bartha, ); and (c) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and synthetic rubber, coming from chemical industries and transport (Yang et al, ). The xeno‐C inputs from construction, industry, services, and transport increase with growing urbanization (Jaward, Farrar, Harner, Sweetman, & Jones, ; Lorenz & Lal, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The xeno‐C inputs from construction, industry, services, and transport increase with growing urbanization (Jaward, Farrar, Harner, Sweetman, & Jones, ; Lorenz & Lal, ). Although many studies focus on these xenobiotics as pollutants (Tang, Tang, Zhu, Zheng, & Miao, ; Yang et al, ), their contribution to C accumulation in urban soils has never been quantified. Xeno‐C stocks are abundant in urban soils as organic pollutants, anthropogenic inclusions (i.e., pieces of rubber, plastic, and asphalt remains), pavements and isolating materials, and underground pipes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban soils as hot spots of anthropogenic carbon accumulation: Review of stocks, mechanisms and driving factors

2018

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Urban soils and cultural layers may accumulate C over centuries and consequently large C stocks may be sequestered beneath cities. Processes and mechanisms leading to high C accumulation in urban soils remain unknown. Data on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil inorganic carbon (SIC), black (pyrogenic) carbon (BC), and nitrogen contents and stocks in urban soils were collected from 100 peer‐reviewed papers. The database (770 data points for SOC, SIC, and BC stocks from 116 cities worldwide) was analysed considering the effects of climate and urban‐specific factors (city size, age, and functional zoning) on C stocks. The processes of C accumulation specific for urban soils were analysed, and C sequestration rates were assessed. For the wide range of climatic conditions, total C content in urban soils was 1.5–3 times higher, and C accumulation was much deeper compared with natural soils, resulting in 3–5 times larger total C stocks. Urban SOC stocks increased with latitude, whereas SIC stocks were less affected by climate. City size and age were the main factors explaining intercity differences in C stocks. The intracity variability of C and N stocks was dominated by functional zoning: Large SOC and N stocks in residential areas and large SIC and BC stocks in industrial zones and roadsides were consistent across all climates and for cities of various sizes and ages. Substantial amounts of SOC, SIC, and N are sequestered in the subsoils, cultural layers, and sealed soils, underlining the importance of these hidden stocks for C assessments. Long‐term С input from outside the cities and associated C accumulation coincided with upward soil growth of ~50 cm per century, and continuous accumulation of 15–30 kg C/m2 per century in urban soils and cultural layers. We conclude that, despite the relatively small area of cities, urban soils are hot spots of long‐term soil C sequestration worldwide, and the importance of urban soils will increase in future with global urbanization.

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“…Urbanization is a current land use trend. Global urban areas have increased considerably in the last three decades [5]. Many phenomena come from urbanization, such as population aggregation, industrial development, increased construction of roads and vehicle use, and the construction of landfills [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments/Soils of the Rapidly Urbanized Lower Reaches of the River Chaohu, China

Sun

2019

IJERPH

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are highly teratogenic, persistent carcinogens, and ubiquitous environmental pollutants. To determine the impact of rapid urbanization on sediment/soil PAHs, we collected 30 cm soil cores in ditch wetlands, riverine wetlands, and agricultural lands along the lower reaches of the Shiwuli River feeding Chaohu Lake, China. Ecological risk effects were evaluated by two models based upon Benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalency (TEQ-BaP) and total toxic units (TUs). The presence of PAHs, such as BbF, BkF, InP, and BgP, that are known pollutants of concern, suggests certain ecological risks. The concentration of PAHs in the surface layer followed in the order of: ditch wetlands (617.2 ng/g average), riverine wetlands (282.1 ng/g average), agricultural lands (103.7 ng/g average). PAHs in ditch sediments were vertically distributed evenly, and PAHs in agricultural soils were concentrated in the surface soil. In riverine wetland sediments, the 2-, 3-, and 4-ring PAHs had a uniform distribution, whereas the 5- and 6-ring PAHs were concentrated in the surface soil. Redundancy analysis (RDA) explored the correlation between the environmental properties and the occurrence of PAHs. Total organic carbon (p = 0.010), percent clay (p = 0.020), and distance (p = 0.020) were the primary factors in ditch wetlands. Depth (p = 0.010) and distance (p = 0.006) were the main factors in agricultural lands. There were no significant correlations in riverine wetlands. The correlation between the distance from the built-up urban areas and pollutant concentration showed that the closer the distance, the greater the concentration of PAHs.

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Characterization, source apportionment, and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soil of Nanjing, China

Cited by 41 publications

References 37 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and rural residential soils, levels, composition profiles, source identification and health risk & hazard

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban and rural residential soils, levels, composition profiles, source identification and health risk & hazard

Urban soils as hot spots of anthropogenic carbon accumulation: Review of stocks, mechanisms and driving factors

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Sediments/Soils of the Rapidly Urbanized Lower Reaches of the River Chaohu, China

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