Characterization Specifications for FRP Pultruded Materials: From Constituents to Pultruded Profiles

Abstract

Pultruded FRP composites have emerged as a promising alternative to traditional materials like concrete, steel, and timber, especially in corrosive environmental conditions. However, the unique properties of these composites necessitate careful consideration during their implementation, as they differ significantly from conventional materials. Proper testing and characterization of FRP pultruded materials is key for their efficient and safe implementation. However, the existing specifications are not unified, resulting in ambiguity among stakeholders. This paper aims to bridge this gap by thoroughly reviewing current destructive and non-destructive test methods for FRP pultruded materials, specifications, quality control, and health monitoring of FRP structures. Each subsection is further divided into subtopics, providing a comprehensive overview of the subject. By shedding light on these crucial aspects, this article aims to accelerate the adoption and utilization of these innovative materials in practical applications.

Fatigue and Impact Properties of Kenaf/Glass-Reinforced Hybrid Pultruded Composites for Structural Applications

“…Pigments were added at 3% of the total resin weight to enhance the profile's appearance and add colour. Calcium carbonate, CaCO3, and aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, were used as fillers at 40% of the total resin weight [34]. Calcium carbonate serves as The pultrusion process parameters such as pull speed (30 cm/min), pull force (6 Bar), and die temperature (159 • C) has been set optimally according to the kenaf fibre mats' ability to withstand the force and temperature without being damaged [30,31].…”

“…Pigments were added at 3% of the total resin weight to enhance the profile's appearance and add colour. Calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 , and aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH) 3 , were used as fillers at 40% of the total resin weight [34]. Calcium carbonate serves as extenders to enhance mechanical properties and cost efficiency [35,36].…”

Injection Pultrusion of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy: Cure Kinetics, Rheology, and Force Analysis

“…Among advanced fiber-reinforced polymers, pultruded composites play a relevant role due to their high content of reinforcement and marked anisotropy [ 1 ]. These composites are shaped as constant cross-section profiles in thermoplastic [ 2 , 3 ] or thermoset [ 4 ] polymer reinforced by fibrous roving, fabrics, and mats [ 5 ]. The success of pultruded composites is related to their features and properties and to the highly advantageous manufacturing process.…”