Characterizations and comparison of low sulfur fuel oils compliant with 2020 global sulfur cap regulation for international shipping

Nelson, Robert K.; Scarlett, Alan G.; Gagnon, Marthe Monique; Holman, Alex I.; Reddy, Christopher M.; Sutton, Paul; Grice, Kliti

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113791

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Given the abiotic loss of some fraction of the lighter ends (Figure ), the original “spilled material” would have been below 3.5%, the maximum sulfur content for an intermediate fuel oil in 2019 . New regulations implemented in January 2020 lowered the allowable sulfur content to ≤ 0.5%. , A combined amount of resins and asphaltenes (75%) excludes most distilled products and light crude oils . Environmental weathering will presumably enrich the resins and asphaltenes, but given the moderate weathering in these samples, the elevated resin and asphaltene content is thought to be related to the source of the spilled oil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy of Analytical Approaches Enables a Robust Assessment of the Brazil Mystery Oil Spill

et al. 2022

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viscous oil residues appeared along the Brazilian coast spanning 11 states and more than 3,000 km of tropical shoreline. Forensic results published to date indicate that the majority of oil samples collected share a common origin, yet the exact source of the mystery oil has yet to be conclusively determined. The proposed sources include illegal discharges from vessels traversing near, within, or downstream of Brazilian waters, leaking offshore platforms, natural seeps, and historic shipwrecks. To constrain the potential sources of oil and provide additional insights into the composition of the oil, we analyzed samples collected from the Cearástate coastal zone in 2019 with a broad suite of geochemical tools and approaches. These approaches included bulk elemental analyses and state-ofthe-art analytical platforms including comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC), gas chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Based on bulk and molecular features, field samples collected from northeast Brazil share the same source as other 2019 mystery oil samples collected over ∼2400 km to the south. A shared source across the Brazilian coast points to an input location east of Brazil within the southern branch of the South Equatorial Current, allowing transport both north and south of the bifurcation. The relative abundance and composition of diagnostic markers were consistent with the published analyses of Venezuelan petroleum. The composition of the field samples is consistent with the blending of, at least, two different petroleum products, a common practice to produce an "on spec" product such as a fuel oil used to power an underway vessel. The two components appear to be the residuum from atmospheric distillation and a thermally altered, aromatics-rich, nondistilled material. To the best of our knowledge, no samples from potential sources are available for a direct comparison to field samples. Hence, these results play a supporting role in determining the source, and benefit efforts to understand short-and long-term weathering and recovery.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergy of Analytical Approaches Enables a Robust Assessment of the Brazil Mystery Oil Spill

et al. 2022

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“…From the northwest shelf of Australia, two light crudes from the Caswell and Eland West wells and condensates from the Crux and Calliance wells were available from a previous study (Spaak et al, 2020 ). An additional heavy fuel oil, Bunker C, was obtained from a ship docked in Fremantle Port, Western Australia, and a very low sulfur oil from the MV Wakashio was available from previous studies (Nelson et al, 2022b ; Scarlett et al, 2021 ). Coastal asphaltites collected from the Great Australian Bight were also available from a previous study (Scarlett et al, 2019a ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method is described in full by Nelson et al ( 2022b ). In brief: GC × GC‐HRMS utilized a LECO Pegasus GC × GC‐high resolution time of flight (HRT) 4D instrument consisting of an Agilent 7890B GC configured with a LECO LPAL3 split/splitless auto‐injector and a dual stage cryogenic modulator.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A review of current literature failed to find any occurrence of bicyclanes other than in ancient sediments and crude oils, so their presence in fish tissues would be unlikely to result from natural non‐oil sources. Importantly, bicyclanes are often present in differing proportions in different oils, such that it is possible to characterize oils from different sources (Alexander et al, 1984 ; Nelson et al, 2022b ; Noble et al, 1987 ). Indeed, for some fuel oils and light crude oils lacking significant proportions of steranes and hopanes, bicyclanes allow the differentiation of a variety of petroleum products from one another (Wang et al, 2005 ; Yang et al, 2012 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fish Fingerprinting: Identifying Crude Oil Pollutants using Bicyclic Sesquiterpanes (Bicyclanes) in the Tissues of Exposed Fish

Spilsbury

Scarlett

Rowland

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In the present study, we investigated the possibility of identifying the source oils of exposed fish using ratios of bicyclic sesquiterpane (bicyclane) chemical biomarkers. In the event of an oil spill, identification of source oil(s) for assessment, or for litigation purposes, typically uses diagnostic ratios of chemical biomarkers to produce characteristic oil "fingerprints." Although this has been applied in identifying oil residues in sediments, water, and sessile filtering organisms, so far as we are aware this has never been successfully demonstrated for oil-exposed fish. In a 35-day laboratory trial, juvenile Lates calcarifer (barramundi or Asian seabass) were exposed, via the diet (1% w/w), to either a heavy fuel oil or to Montara, an Australian medium crude oil. Two-dimensional gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were then used to measure selected ratios of the bicyclanes to examine whether the ratios were statistically reproducibly conserved in the fish tissues. Six diagnostic bicyclane ratios showed high correlation (r 2 > 0.98) with those of each of the two source oils. A linear discriminatory analysis model showed that nine different petroleum products could be reproducibly discriminated using these bicyclane ratios. The model was then used to correctly identify the bicyclane profiles of each of the two exposure oils in the adipose tissue extracts of each of the 18 fish fed oilenriched diets. From our initial study, bicyclane biomarkers appear to show good potential for providing reliable forensic fingerprints of the sources of oil contamination of exposed fish. Further research is needed to investigate the minimum exposure times required for bicyclane bioaccumulation to achieve detectable concentrations in fish adipose tissues and to determine bicyclane depuration rates once exposure to oil has ceased.

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Study on the corrosion and wear behaviors of cylinder liner in marine diesel engine burning low sulfur fuel oil

Hou

Wang

Dai

et al. 2023

Engineering Failure Analysis

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Characterizations and comparison of low sulfur fuel oils compliant with 2020 global sulfur cap regulation for international shipping

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Synergy of Analytical Approaches Enables a Robust Assessment of the Brazil Mystery Oil Spill

Synergy of Analytical Approaches Enables a Robust Assessment of the Brazil Mystery Oil Spill

Fish Fingerprinting: Identifying Crude Oil Pollutants using Bicyclic Sesquiterpanes (Bicyclanes) in the Tissues of Exposed Fish

Study on the corrosion and wear behaviors of cylinder liner in marine diesel engine burning low sulfur fuel oil

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