Characterizing air particulate matter composition and sources in Lisbon, Portugal

Almeida, Susana Marta; Freitas, M. C.; Repolho, C.; Dionísio, I.; Dũng, Hồ Mạnh; Caseiro, Alexandre; Alves, Célia; Pio, Casimiro; Pacheco, A. M. G.

doi:10.1007/s10967-009-0113-8

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The elements that presented higher concentration during the day are essentially * w Significant difference between indoor and outdoor in warm campaign: for p value < 0.05; * c significant difference between indoor and outdoor in cold campaign: for p value < 0.05; δ significant difference between day and night: for p-value < 0.05; ψ significant difference between warm and cold campaigns: for p value < 0.05. associated with dust re-suspension (Fe) (Almeida et al, 2008;Almeida-Silva et al, 2011) and dispersed road dust, exhaust break wear, tyres and motor oil (Zn and Sb) (Sternbeck et al 2002;Zechmeister et al 2005Zechmeister et al , 2006Almeida et al 2009b;Ayrault et al 2010). These results prove the influence of the airport and the highways to the high concentration of outdoor anthropogenic sources measured in the studied area, because not only the number of vehicles decrease during the night period but also the air traffic (wind direction and velocity were explained in sub-chapter 3.2.2).…”

Section: Pm Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of indoor PM10 in Elderly Care Centre

Almeida-Silva

Faria

Saraga

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Source contribution to atmospheric particulate matter (PM) has been exhaustively modelled. However, people spend most of their time indoors where this approach is less explored. This evidence worsens considering elders living in Elderly Care Centres, since they are more susceptible. The present study aims to investigate the PM composition and sources influencing elderly exposure. Two 2-week sampling campaigns were conducted-one during early fall (warm phase) and another throughout the winter (cold phase). PM10 were collected with two TCR-Tecora(®) samplers that were located in an Elderly Care Centre living room and in the correspondent outdoor. Chemical analysis of the particles was performed by neutron activation analysis for element characterization, by ion chromatography for the determination of water soluble ions and by a thermal optical technique for the measurement of organic and elemental carbon. Statistical analysis showed that there were no statistical differences between seasons and environments. The sum of the indoor PM10 components measured in this work explained 57 and 53 % of the total PM10 mass measured by gravimetry in warm and cold campaigns, respectively. Outdoor PM10 concentrations were significantly higher during the day than night (p value < 0.05), as well as Ca(2+), Fe, Sb and Zn. The contribution of indoor and outdoor sources was assessed by principal component analysis and showed the importance of the highways and the airport located less than 500 m from the Elderly Care Centre for both indoor and outdoor air quality.

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Section: Pm Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Source apportionment of indoor PM10 in Elderly Care Centre

Almeida-Silva

Faria

Saraga

et al. 2016

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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“…Particles may be originated naturally (e.g. dust, salt, pollen, viruses, fungi, bacteria) or from anthropogenic sources, such as industrial activity, incineration and combustion processes among others (Almeida et al 2009b 12 N. Canha, S.M. Almeida, M. do Carmo Freitas, H.Th.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of bioaerosols in urban and rural primary schools using passive and active sampling methodologies

Canha¹,

Almeida²,

Freitas³

et al. 2015

Archives of Environmental Protection

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Abstract:People spend most of their time in indoor environments and, consequently, these environments are more signifi cant for the contribution of the daily pollutant exposure than outdoors. In case of children, a great part of their time is spent at school. Therefore, evaluations of this microenvironment are important to assess their time-weighted exposure to air pollutants.The aim of this study was to assess the children exposure to bioaerosols at schools from two different types of areas, urban and rural. A methodology based upon passive sampling was applied to evaluate fungi, bacteria and pollens, simultaneously with active sampling for fungi and bacterial assessment. Results showed very good correlations between sampling methods, especially for summer season. Passive sampling methodologies presented advantages such as no need of specifi c and expensive equipment, and they allow achieving important qualitative information.The study was conducted in different periods of the year to study the seasonal variation of the bioaerosols. Fungi and pollen presented higher levels during the summer time whereas bacteria did not present a seasonal variation. Indoor to outdoor ratios were determined to assess the level of outdoor contamination upon the indoor environment. Levels of fungi were higher outdoor and bacteria presented higher concentrations indoors.Indoor levels of bioaerosols were assessed in primary schools of urban and rural areas, using the active method along with a passive sampling method. Very good correlations between methods were found which allow the use of the passive sampling method to supply important and reliable qualitative information of bioaerosols concentrations in indoor environments. Seasonal variation in bioaerosols concentrations were found for fungi and pollen. Concentrations of fungi and bacteria above AMV (Acceptable Maximum Value) were found for most of the studied classrooms showing the importance of this microenvironment for the high exposure of children to bioaerosols.

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“…PM 2.5 has been acknowledged to have a greater impact on health than its counterpart PM 10 (Schwartz and Meas 2000). Recent reports have demonstrated that the chemistry of particulate matter influences its toxicity (Almeida et al 2006(Almeida et al , 2007Almeida et al 2009). Several investigators have shown that the interaction of particles with inflammatory cells of the lung may elicit the production of inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and highly reactive singlet oxygen species that could cause an irreparable damage to the lung cells (Hatch et al 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial hygiene and toxicity studies in unorganized bone-based industrial units

Siddiqui

Ashquin

Prasad

et al. 2010

Environ Monit Assess

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A large variety of ornamental and decorative items are manufactured from bone waste by various unorganized sectors in India. An initial survey indicated that workers were exposed at various phases of final product. The subjects (12 industrial units) were tested for total suspended particulate matter (TSPM), particulate matter <10 microm (PM(10)), and particulate matter <2.5 microm (PM(2.5)). Prevalent levels of TSPM ranged between 2.90 and 5.89 mg m(-3). Respirable fractions of occupational dust as PM(10) and PM(2.5) were found in the range of 0.30-2.08 and 0.26-0.50 mg m(-3), respectively. Cytotoxicity study was conducted using hemolysis as a sensitive marker. In an in vitro study, rat RBCs were exposed to the concentration of 25-1,000 microg/ml for 15-120 min. A considerable variation was observed in the hemolytic activity of samples collected from different areas. At 500 microg/ml concentration, the hemolytic activity (12 h) was found to be in the range of 18-25%. Due to limitation in sample mass of respirable fractions, only one concentration (100 microg/ml/2 h) was used for comparative study on hemolysis of RBCs caused by PM(10) and PM(2.5). Interestingly, the hemolytic activity was more at PM(2.5) than PM(10) and TSPM. These results suggest that the respirable particles are capable of reaching deep into the respiratory system. The finding is significant notably when there are no standards available in occupationally exposed populations. This is the first such study. Data could be of importance to policy makers and regulators.

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Characterizing air particulate matter composition and sources in Lisbon, Portugal

Cited by 40 publications

References 12 publications

Source apportionment of indoor PM10 in Elderly Care Centre

Source apportionment of indoor PM10 in Elderly Care Centre

Assessment of bioaerosols in urban and rural primary schools using passive and active sampling methodologies

Industrial hygiene and toxicity studies in unorganized bone-based industrial units

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