Characterizing cable flexure effects in S-parameter measurements

Mubarak, Faisal; Rietveld, G.; Hoogenboom, Dennis; Spirito, M.

doi:10.1109/arftg-2.2013.6737336

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…4(b). Since the noise and drift effects of the VNA test-port cables can be much larger than the VNA noise [23], the stability of both cables significantly limits the performance of this approach. For single-source based cancellation (b 1 = 0), (7) can be expressed as…”

Section: B Active Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To investigate the effect of non-ideal cables and signal sources, parameter variations are assigned to the magnitude and phase components of cable paths and signal sources. The variations in cable parameters are based on an evaluation technique outlined in [23]: the magnitudes of P vna , P int , a 1 , and a int are varied by 0.01% and their corresponding phases are varied by 0.2deg (both Gaussian distributions).…”

Section: B Active Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Noise Behavior and Implementation of Interferometer-Based Broadband VNA

Mubarak

Romano²,

Galatro³

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This paper analyzes and accurately models the complex noise behavior of vector network analyzers (VNAs) when measuring large-mismatch devices and subsequently shows how the VNA measurement noise performance is enhanced through implementation of a high-speed, broadband, active RF interferometer module. The presented VNA noise model provides a solid framework, benchmarked by measurement data, to analyze existing RF interferometer approaches. The performance improvement of the proposed interferometer implementation is then benchmarked in terms of magnitude and phase stability of the renormalized impedance level. A test bench employing the novel add-on RF interferometer module is presented and demonstrated to achieve high-speed cancellation of the scattered wave over a broad frequency band. The first experiment shows ultralow noise in a 1-18 GHz broadband measurement of co-planar waveguide 0.5-and 5-k impedance standards. Employing the proposed hardware setup improves the noise uncertainty for the 5-k impedance standard by a factor of 8 and 20 at 1 and 18 GHz, respectively. In the second experiment, a factor of 2 height-resolution enhancement is achieved in a scanning microwave microscope when the RF interferometer module is added to the instrument.

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Section: B Active Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Active Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Behavior and Implementation of Interferometer-Based Broadband VNA

Mubarak

Romano²,

Galatro³

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…For the actual measurement of cable flexure effects up to 50 GHz, a highprecision flexible coaxial cable with 1.85 mm male connector was selected. The cable is moved between two predefined ends, 80 mm apart, using a special-purpose horizontal translation stage [2]. After reaching the outer end, the movement in opposite direction is initiated.…”

Section: Experimental Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They presently have become a dominant uncertainty source in highprecision transmission measurements. Recent published work has focused on characterization and subsequent minimization of such errors [1][2]. While this work has been successful in significantly improving uncertainties in S-parameter measurements, still a non-negligible effect of cable flexure remains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A method for de-embedding cable flexure errors in S-parameter measurements

Mubarak

Rietveld

Spirito

2014

83rd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference

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Errors due to inevitable cable flexure are one of the major error and uncertainty sources in high-precision Sparameter measurements. Recently developed two-port electronic calibration units allow for determination and correction of these errors. A method is presented where such a unit is applied to de-embed cable flexure errors in S-parameter measurements. In a series of steps, the effects of the cable as well as from the electronic calibration unit itself are determined and subsequently corrected for. First results show that using this method, cable flexure errors can be decreased with a factor of 5 to 10, with the most significant gain at the higher frequencies.

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“…The connecting cables in place within each RF channel can also introduce errors due to practical cable bending [8]. This is because as the cable bends, the circumference of the outside of the bend is larger than the inside (altering cable geometry), and this changes the insertion phase feeding the array elements [9]. This phase change with flexure cannot be easily avoided since coaxial cables are generally cylindrical in shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐calibrating circuit for phase correction to support phased array antenna systems

Shafiq,

Anagnostou,

Podilchak

2023

Electronics Letters

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A self‐calibrating circuit system for use within active phased array antennas is presented. The system addresses the issue of unwanted channel phase imbalances and random phase errors which can deteriorate array performance. Basically, unwanted insertion phase offsets that can originate within each RF channel, due to the supporting and active circuit components and possible temperature variations, can be eliminated by our designed, simulated, and experimentally verified self‐calibrating circuit. With existing technologies and calibration approaches, it is practically difficult and time consuming to check the phase feeding accuracy, as typically a large number of data sets are required to achieve similar channel corrections. As an alternative, our proposed circuit system allows for the consecutive phase shift between RF channels to be inspected and self‐corrected within a feedback loop managed by a MATLAB‐Arduino program. The active S‐band feed system can self‐calibrate in about 25 s (or less), using commercially available phase sensors and voltage controlled phase shifters. To the best knowledge of the authors, no similar computer controlled feed‐back circuit to support the self‐correction of active phased arrays has been previously reported.

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Characterizing cable flexure effects in S-parameter measurements

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Noise Behavior and Implementation of Interferometer-Based Broadband VNA

Noise Behavior and Implementation of Interferometer-Based Broadband VNA

A method for de-embedding cable flexure errors in S-parameter measurements

Self‐calibrating circuit for phase correction to support phased array antenna systems

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