Characterizing displays by their temporal aperture: A theoretical framework

Abstract

Abstract— The spatio‐temporal aperture and sample rate of a video display determines both the static and dynamic resolution of the video signal that is rendered. The dynamic display characteristics like the visibility of large‐area flicker, motion judder, and motion blur can be derived from the frame rate and the temporal extent of the pixel aperture (i.e., the temporal aperture). For example, liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) have an aperture that is relatively small in the spatial dimension and wide in the temporal domain. Consequently, moving objects displayed on an LCD suffer from motion blur. Especially in TV applications, the temporal dimension has a large impact on the overall picture quality. The temporal aperture, together with the frame rate, is shown to predict the amount of perceived large‐area flicker, motion judder, and motion blur and also the performance of motion‐blur reduction algorithms for LCDs. From this analysis it is further determined how to obtain the optimal temporal aperture of a television display, for which not only properties of the human visual system (HVS), but also the properties of the video signal have to be taken into account.

Motion artifacts on 240-Hz OLED stereoscopic 3D displays

“…9 Heesch et al showed that the temporal aperture, or the temporal extent of the pixel aperture, can be used to predict flicker, motion blur, and judder. 5 The work analyzed the effect of the temporal aperture on spatiotemporal aliases to show that short duty cycles reduce the appearance of blur but increase the visibility of flicker. This is consistent with our result.…”

“…The majority of liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) and organic light‐emitting diode displays (OLED) on the market utilize frame rates of 60 frames per second (Hz), producing little flicker and relatively smooth apparent motion. However, there is clear theoretical and empirical evidence that higher frame rates are needed to produce smooth motion for the gamut of typical object speeds …”

“…However, there is clear theoretical and empirical evidence that higher frame rates are needed to produce smooth motion for the gamut of typical object speeds. [2][3][4][5][6][7] Perceptual motion and flicker artifacts on display systems are influenced by the capture rate and presentation rate. Capture rate is the number of unique images presented per second and is primarily an attribute of the content.…”

Display motion blur: Comparison of measurement methods

“…This temporal step response is then convolved with a pulse of duration equal to the hold time (for an LCD, typically one frame), to obtain another version of the METP. [5][6][7][8] We call this the temporal step (TS) method. This last method relies on an assumption that all pixels are independent.…”

Temporal Properties of Liquid Crystal Displays: Implications for Vision Science Experiments

“…Such a modulation with half the refresh rate could be lower than the critical flicker frequency for humans [24]. The reason why it is not perceived nevertheless is that LCD panels invert the polarity of their single dots in a spatially anti–phasic manner for neighboring pixels so that the oscillations cancel out.…”