Characterizing early Canadian federal, provincial, territorial and municipal nonpharmaceutical interventions in response to COVID-19: a descriptive analysis

McCoy, Liam G.; Smith, Jonathan; Anchuri, Kavya; Berry, Isha; Pineda, Joanna; Harish, Vinyas; Lam, Andrew; Yi, Seung Eun; Hu, Sophie; Rosella, Laura; Fine, Benjamin

doi:10.9778/cmajo.20200100

Cited by 46 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Similar to our scoping review, the results of a descriptive study on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) implemented in Canada reported that jurisdictions issued many of their PH measures after 11 March 2020. 6 This date coincides with the WHO's pandemic declaration. The authors also observed some consistency with Europe and Asia in the order of NPI implementation, and less variation across Canada in the implementation of NPIs compared with the USA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The authors also observed some consistency with Europe and Asia in the order of NPI implementation, and less variation across Canada in the implementation of NPIs compared with the USA. 6 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The definitions and scope of these PH measures vary by federal and P/T governments in their characteristics, target populations, time of initiation in the pandemic curve and duration of implementation since they may change over time in response to the dynamics in the epidemic curve. 6 Different strategies, however, may be warranted in response to growth curves or other triggers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public health measures to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Canada during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

Polisena¹,

Ospina

Sanni

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveThe main objectives of this study were to synthesise and compare pandemic preparedness strategies issued by the federal and provincial/territorial (P/T) governments in Canada and to assess whether COVID-19 public health (PH) measures were tailored towards priority populations, as defined by relevant social determinants of health.MethodsThis scoping review searched federal and P/T websites on daily COVID-19 pandemic preparedness strategies between 30 January and 30 April 2020. The PROGRESS-Plus equity-lens framework was used to define priority populations. All definitions, policies and guidelines of PH strategies implemented by the federal and P/T governments to reduce risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission were included. PH measures were classified using a modified Public Health Agency of Canada Framework for Canadian Pandemic Influenza Preparedness.ResultsA total of 722 COVID-19 PH measures were issued during the study period. Of these, home quarantine (voluntary) (n=13.0%; 94/722) and retail/commerce restrictions (10.9%; n=79/722) were the most common measures introduced. Many of the PH orders, including physical distancing, cancellation of mass gatherings, school closures or retail/commerce restrictions began to be introduced after 11 March 2020. Lifting of some of the PH orders in phases to reopen the economy began in April 2020 (6.5%; n=47/722). The majority (68%, n=491/722) of COVID-19 PH announcements were deemed mandatory, while 32% (n=231/722) were recommendations. Several PH measures (28.0%, n=202/722) targeted a variety of groups at risk of socially produced health inequalities, such as age, religion, occupation and migration status.ConclusionsMost PH measures centred on limiting contact between people who were not from the same household. PH measures were evolutionary in nature, reflecting new evidence that emerged throughout the pandemic. Although ~30% of all implemented COVID-19 PH measures were tailored towards priority groups, there were still unintended consequences on these populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Public health measures to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Canada during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

Polisena¹,

Ospina

Sanni

et al. 2021

BMJ Open

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The second provides information about country/countries of study and references. Category Country and references Implementation of NPIs Government response trackers: Canada [384] , 195 countries [385] , 180 countries [348] , 56 countries [42] ; Universities response in USA [386] Mobility Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa, USA [387] ; Italy [40] Contacts Belgium, China, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Hong Kong, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Poland, Peru, Russia, South Africa, UK, Vietnam, Zambia, Zimbabwe [41] …”

Section: Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors in Ref [384] apply the taxonomy defined by the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker to the case of Canada. The data, together with many other relevant datasets from Canada and other countries, can be found here: https://howsmyflattening.ca/#/data .…”

Section: Datasetsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review

2021

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Infectious diseases and human behavior are intertwined. On one side, our movements and interactions are the engines of transmission. On the other, the unfolding of viruses might induce changes to our daily activities. While intuitive, our understanding of such feedback loop is still limited. Before COVID-19 the literature on the subject was mainly theoretical and largely missed validation. The main issue was the lack of empirical data capturing behavioral change induced by diseases. Things have dramatically changed in 2020. Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been the key weapon against the SARS-CoV-2 virus and affected virtually any societal process. Travels bans, events cancellation, social distancing, curfews, and lockdowns have become unfortunately very familiar. The scale of the emergency, the ease of survey as well as crowdsourcing deployment guaranteed by the latest technology, several Data for Good programs developed by tech giants, major mobile phone providers, and other companies have allowed unprecedented access to data describing behavioral changes induced by the pandemic. Here, I review some of the vast literature written on the subject of NPIs during the COVID-19 pandemic. In doing so, I analyze 348 articles written by more than 2518 of authors in the first 12 months of the emergency. While the large majority of the sample was obtained by querying PubMed, it includes also a hand-curated list. Considering the focus, and methodology I have classified the sample into seven main categories: epidemic models, surveys, comments/perspectives, papers aiming to quantify the effects of NPIs, reviews, articles using data proxies to measure NPIs, and publicly available datasets describing NPIs. I summarize the methodology, data used, findings of the articles in each category and provide an outlook highlighting future challenges as well as opportunities.

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Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity During the First and Second Viral Waves in 2020 and 2021 Among Canadian Adults

et al. 2022

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IMPORTANCEThe incidence of infection during SARS-CoV-2 viral waves, the factors associated with infection, and the durability of antibody responses to infection among Canadian adults remain undocumented. OBJECTIVE To assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first 2 viral waves in Canada by measuring seropositivity among adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The Action to Beat Coronavirus study conducted 2 rounds of an online survey about COVID-19 experience and analyzed immunoglobulin G levels based on participant-collected dried blood spots (DBS) to assess the cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the first and second viral waves in Canada. A sample of 19 994 Canadian adults (aged Ն18 years) was recruited from established members of the Angus Reid Forum, a public polling organization.

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Characterizing early Canadian federal, provincial, territorial and municipal nonpharmaceutical interventions in response to COVID-19: a descriptive analysis

Cited by 46 publications

References 13 publications

Public health measures to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Canada during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

Public health measures to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Canada during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review

Non-pharmaceutical interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic: A review

Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Seropositivity During the First and Second Viral Waves in 2020 and 2021 Among Canadian Adults

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