Characterizing eating disorder diagnosis and related outcomes by sexual orientation and gender identity in a national sample of college students

Grammer, Anne Claire; Vázquez, Melissa M.; Fitzsimmons‐Craft, Ellen E.; Fowler, Lauren A.; Rackoff, Gavin N.; Schvey, Natasha A.; Lipson, Sarah Ketchen; Newman, Michelle G.; Eisenberg, Daniel; Taylor, C. Barr; Wilfley, Denise E.

doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101528

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Indeed psychological mechanisms of food intake differ by gender, i.e., females score higher on unhealthy eating traits 46 , show a higher prevalence of eating disorders, body and shape concerns 50 , are more frequently and more strictly on plant-based diets 45 , follow restrictive diets and weight loss strategies more often, as well as having an increased awareness for health 51 , 52 . Only a few studies considered gender-diverse individuals, yet some evidence supports a heightened risk for eating disorders in sexually and gender-diverse students 53 . Moreover, future studies should consider drink intake of all kinds, including coffee, in the time previous to meal intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of single plant-based vs. animal-based meals on satiety and mood in real-world smartphone-embedded studies

et al. 2023

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Adopting plant-based diets high in fiber may reduce global warming and obesity prevalence. Physiological and psychological determinants of plant-based food intake remain unclear. As fiber has been linked with improved gut-brain signaling, we hypothesized that a single plant-based (vegetarian and vegan) compared to an animal-based (animal flesh) meal, would induce higher satiety, higher mood and less stress. In three large-scale smartphone-based studies, adults (nall = 16,379) ranked satiety and mood before and after meal intake. Meal intake induced satiety and higher mood. Plant-based meal choices did not explain differences in post-meal hunger. Individuals choosing a plant-based meal reported slightly higher mood before and smaller mood increases after the meal compared to those choosing animal-based meals. Protein content marginally mediated post-meal satiety, while gender and taste ratings had a strong effect on satiety and mood in general. We could not detect the profound effects of plant-based vs. animal-based meals on satiety and mood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of single plant-based vs. animal-based meals on satiety and mood in real-world smartphone-embedded studies

et al. 2023

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“…The weight/shape concerns items were those from the validated 5‐item Weight Concerns Scale (Killen et al, 1996), which the SWED includes. The SWED has demonstrated excellent sensitivity (0.80) and specificity (0.82) in detecting ED diagnoses/risk status among college women compared to semi‐structured interviews (Graham et al, 2019) and has been used with samples of varying age (Fitzsimmons‐Craft et al, 2019) and gender identity (Grammer et al, 2021).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of treatment seeking and uptake among respondents to a widely disseminated online eating disorders screen in the United States

Grammer

Shah

Laboe

et al. 2022

Intl J Eating Disorders

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Objective: To explore predictors of treatment seeking and uptake among individuals following an online eating disorders (EDs) screen in the U.S. disseminated by the National Eating Disorders Association. Method:Respondents who screened at risk or positive for a probable ED from 04/2019 to 05/2021 (N = 263,530) were eligible to complete a 2-month follow-up survey that assessed treatment seeking and uptake after being offered referral options following screening. Analyses were conducted using chi-square tests or logistic regressions.Results: Sixty thousand thirty-four respondents (22.8%) opted-in to the follow-up survey, of whom 2276 (3.8%) completed it. Of the final analytic sample (n = 1922), 35.7% of respondents reported seeking and 22.4% reported receiving treatment.Treatment seeking and uptake were more common among respondents who were female, White, or >24 years of age; uptake was more common among respondents who were non-Hispanic or higher income. Elevated shape/weight concerns were significantly, albeit modestly, associated with reduced likelihood to receive treatment.Discussion: Demographic differences in treatment seeking and uptake highlight the need to optimize ED screening tools/feedback to meet the needs of underserved groups and to address stereotypes and structural barriers that may interfere.Research is also needed to identify barriers to uptake among those with elevated shape/weight concerns.Public Significance: Relatively low rates of treatment seeking and uptake were observed, particularly among underserved groups, 2 months following a widely disseminated online eating disorders screen. Optimization of online eating disorder screening tools and delivery of feedback and referral information may be needed to increase health care utilization.

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“…Hence, the prevalence of EDs is often considered higher in women than in men. Beyond sex, those whose gender identity does not align with their sex assigned at birth (e.g., transgender, genderqueer, gender‐fluid, and gender nonbinary) report a greater prevalence of ED symptoms compared to cisgender individuals (Grammer et al., 2021 ). For example, the prevalence of EDs among transgender individuals ranges between 2% and 18% (Hartman‐Munick et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Prevalence and Characteristics Of Eating Disorders According...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, sexual orientation—a construct closely related to gender and sex, yet orthogonal—is associated with risk for EDs (Bankoff & Pantalone, 2014 ; Calzo et al., 2018 ; Dotan et al., 2021 ; Grammer et al., 2021 ; Murray et al., 2017 ; Nagata et al., 2020 ). Findings from a recent study using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) indicated that gay and bisexual boys had 2.67 times the odds to engage in dieting in order to lose weight at age 14, and 12.53 times the odds of binge eating at age 16 compared to completely heterosexual boys (Calzo et al., 2018 ).…”

Section: Prevalence and Characteristics Of Eating Disorders According...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and sex in eating disorders: A narrative review of the current state of knowledge, research gaps, and recommendations

2023

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Introduction Eating disorders (EDs) have long been considered conditions exclusively affecting women, and studies in the ED field regularly exclude men. Research efforts are needed to better understand the role of gender and sex in EDs. This review describes the role of gender and sex in the development of EDs from a biopsychosocial perspective. Methods The primary hypothesis of this narrative review is that gender and sex interact to influence ED risk. The literature review was conducted using the PubMed database. Results This review first presents the general characteristics and prevalence of EDs according to gender and sex. Next, neurodevelopmental processes, neurobiology, gender roles, body image, and the minority stress model are addressed. Lastly, research perspectives to better include gender and sex in the field of EDs are discussed (e.g., representation of gender and sex diversities, development of appropriate assessment tools, and increasing awareness). Conclusion Although substantial knowledge gaps remain, there is a growing recognition of the importance of integrating gender and sex in ED research that holds promise for further development in the field.

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Characterizing eating disorder diagnosis and related outcomes by sexual orientation and gender identity in a national sample of college students

Cited by 22 publications

References 49 publications

Effects of single plant-based vs. animal-based meals on satiety and mood in real-world smartphone-embedded studies

Effects of single plant-based vs. animal-based meals on satiety and mood in real-world smartphone-embedded studies

Predictors of treatment seeking and uptake among respondents to a widely disseminated online eating disorders screen in the United States

Gender and sex in eating disorders: A narrative review of the current state of knowledge, research gaps, and recommendations

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