Characterizing Effect of Porous Transport Layers on Electrolyzer Performance Using Neutron Imaging

Abstract

Demand for high purity hydrogen production using renewable energy sources is growing to meet the clean energy demands. Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) is one of the viable options for H2 production, but its high capital cost and operational expenditures increase the cost of H2. Improving the interface between the catalyst layer (CL) and the porous transport layer (PTL) is critical to increasing the efficiency of PEMWEs and thereby lowering the cost of H2. Increased contact between the CL and PTL improves catalyst utilization, and the optimal structure of the PTL reduces the mass transport issues related to O2 bubble removal.(1-3) Improved understanding of the PTL microstructure is necessary to improve the performance and efficiency of the PEMWE. This work presents a systematic study to elucidate the effect of PTL properties (morphology, thickness, and porosity) and their impact on PEMWE performance under different operating conditions. Polarization curves with different anode PTL (felt, sinter and pore graded hierarchical PTL) are presented in Figure 1a. The separation of mass transport resistance and the contract resistance for the different PTLs will be elucidated to show the impact of water management and interfacial contact. Mass transport in an operating electrolyzer is also studied by estimating the water content using neutron imaging. Figure 1b shows water thickness across a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) with a pore graded hierarchical PTL in anode at different current densities. Water content across the MEA with different PTL is also studied. The cells with these PTLs were evaluated in operando using micro x-ray computed tomography (CT) and x-ray radiography. The x-ray techniques revealed oxygen distribution within the PTLs on the pore-scale at varied current densities, complementing neutron imaging water thickness studies and providing micro-scale insight into transport. Acknowledgment This research is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technologies Office, through the H2NEW consortium. References J. K. Lee, C. Lee, K. F. Fahy, B. Zhao, J. M. LaManna, E. Baltic, D. L. Jacobson, D. S. Hussey and A. Bazylak, Cell Reports Physical Science, 1, 100147 (2020). T. Schuler, J. M. Ciccone, B. Krentscher, F. Marone, C. Peter, T. J. Schmidt and F. N. Büchi, Advanced Energy Materials, 10, 1903216 (2020). P. Lettenmeier, S. Kolb, F. Burggraf, A. S. Gago and K. A. Friedrich, Journal of Power Sources, 311, 153 (2016). Figure 1

A Critical Review on Hydrogen Based Fuel Cell Technology and Applications

“…Ensuring optimum water content is necessary for desirable performance and extend the lifespan of the FC. Excess water leads to flooding of the electrodes and the electrolyte layers as a result of water produced at the cathode as a byproduct of the electrochemical reaction cannot be effectively removed or managed [144] . This in turn causes reduced gas diffusion, and electrode corrosion.…”