Characterizing emissions from open burning of military food waste and ration packaging compositions

Dominguez, Thomas; Aurell, Joanna; Gullett, Brian K.; Eninger, Robert M.; Yamamoto, Dirk P.

doi:10.1007/s10163-017-0652-y

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…These negative attitudes and perceptions by the urban residents could be due to a lack of awareness raising and environmental education on the potential harmful effects of improper solid waste disposal. In this study, the phenomenon of negative attitudes and low-risk perceptions among residents is not new since existing literature shows that local government authorities face similar challenges in dealing with waste management in most urban cities in SSA [ 58 – 60 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing urban solid waste in Ghana: Perspectives and experiences of municipal waste company managers and supervisors in an urban municipality

Lissah

Ayanore²,

Krugu

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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Increased population growth and rapid urbanization have resulted in the generation of large quantities of solid waste across major urban cities in Ghana, outstripping local authorities’ ability to manage and dispose of waste in a sanitary manner. This study explored the perspectives and experiences of municipal waste company managers and supervisors in the Ho municipality of Ghana on solid waste management practices. A qualitative inquiry was conducted by adopting a phenomenological approach, using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions for data collection. A total of 35 participants, made up of 12 managers and 23 supervisors took part in the study. Transcribed data were imported into NVivo 11.0 software for coding. Content analysis was applied to analyze all transcribed data using processes of induction and deduction. The results showed that organizational capacity, resources, and expertise; community factors such as socio-cultural beliefs and a low sense of responsibility towards solid waste management among urban residents; contextual factors such as regulations, and weak enforcement all influence and shape the level of efficiency and effectiveness of solid waste management practices in the study setting. The findings suggest that policy frameworks and procedures implemented to curb poor urban waste management practices should be systematic and thorough in order to tackle the issue of solid waste in the study setting and Ghana in general. The nature of the identified issues and challenges requires multidimensional and multilevel interventions to provide sustainable solutions for managing urban waste in Ghana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing urban solid waste in Ghana: Perspectives and experiences of municipal waste company managers and supervisors in an urban municipality

Lissah

Ayanore²,

Krugu

et al. 2021

PLoS ONE

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“…Many countries have identified oily sludge as a Dangerous Waste because of its many hazardous ingredients [ 2 ]. Several treatment methods have been widely studied and applied, including chemical extraction [ 3 ], thermal desorption [ 4 ], microwaving [ 5 ], incineration [ 6 – 8 ], and microbial degradation [ 9 , 10 ]. However, the oily sludge that remains after conditioning and solid-liquid separation generally has high moisture content and low oil content (e.g., crude oil 1.8 wt%, water 65.8 wt%).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facilitating the natural semi-drying of oily sludge by changing the form of water

et al. 2021

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Reducing the water content of oily sludge is essential for the disposal of it. Despite conditioning and solid-liquid separation, the water content of oily sludge generally exceeds 65%. A large amount of this water exists in the form of emulsified and bound water, reducing the efficiency of water removal during the natural semi-drying process of oily sludge. To shorten the time required for natural semi-drying, this study applied an orthogonal test to screen an oily sludge modified material (OSM). The effect and mechanism of OSM on the natural semi-drying of oily sludge were studied using a thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), surface tension measurement, and microscopic observations. The results show that when the ambient temperature exceeded 10°C, the OSM increased in mass by 8–10%, and the time required for the natural semi-drying of oily sludge was shortened from 15 days to less than 5 days. OSM can rupture the emulsion, reduce the surface tension, convert the emulsion and bound water in the oily sludge into free water, and accelerate the rate of water migration, diffusion, and natural evaporation from the inside of the oily sludge to the surface and air. The research results show that changing the form of water can speed up the drying of oily sludge, creating positive economic benefits in the process of oily sludge reduction and recycling.

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“…Anaerobic fermentation has promise as an alternative solution for energy recycling of food waste, which generates approximately 30-60% of the total solid waste globally 22 . In military environments, challenges with generated food waste impose an additional logistical burden on Army operations 23,24 , with current guidelines including burial or active burning of any generated food waste 25 . These clostridia can utilize a wide range of carbohydrates found in lignocellulosic biomass, which is readily available as agricultural, agro-industrial, and food waste 26 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-feeding glucose with either gluconate or galacturonate during clostridial fermentations provides metabolic fine-tuning capabilities

Liu

Gerlach

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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Clostridiumacetobutylicum ATCC 824 effectively utilizes a wide range of substrates to produce commodity chemicals. When grown on substrates of different oxidation states, the organism exhibits different recycling needs of reduced intracellular electron carrying co-factors. Ratios of substrates with different oxidation states were used to modulate the need to balance electron carriers and demonstrate fine-tuned control of metabolic output. Three different oxidized substrates were first fed singularly, then in different ratios to three different strains of Clostridium sp. Growth was most robust when fed glucose in exclusive fermentations. However, the use of the other two more oxidized substrates was strain-dependent in exclusive feeds. In glucose-galacturonate mixed fermentation, the main products (acetate and butyrate) were dependant on the ratios of the substrates. Exclusive fermentation on galacturonate was nearly homoacetic. Co-utilization of galacturonate and glucose was observed from the onset of fermentation in growth conditions using both substrates combined, with the proportion of galacturonate present dictating the amount of acetate produced. For all three strains, increasing galacturonate content (%) in a mixture of galacturonate and glucose from 0 to 50, and 100, resulted in a corresponding increase in the amount of acetate produced. For example, C.acetobutylicum increased from ~ 10 mM to ~ 17 mM, and then ~ 23 mM. No co-utilization was observed when galacturonate was replaced with gluconate in the two substrate co-feed.

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Characterizing emissions from open burning of military food waste and ration packaging compositions

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Managing urban solid waste in Ghana: Perspectives and experiences of municipal waste company managers and supervisors in an urban municipality

Managing urban solid waste in Ghana: Perspectives and experiences of municipal waste company managers and supervisors in an urban municipality

Facilitating the natural semi-drying of oily sludge by changing the form of water

Co-feeding glucose with either gluconate or galacturonate during clostridial fermentations provides metabolic fine-tuning capabilities

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