Characterizing Firebrand Exposure from Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) Fires: Results from the 2007 Angora Fire

Manzello, Samuel L.; Foote, Ethan I. D.

doi:10.1007/s10694-012-0295-4

Cited by 77 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Specifically, firebrand sizes produced using this device is commensurate with the characteristics of firebrand exposure at a single location during a severe WUI fire in California [28]. This is important since empirical characterization of firebrand exposure is extremely limited, especially with respect to firebrand size distributions during actual WUI fire conditions.…”

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…For all tests, Douglas-fir wood pieces machined to dimensions of 7.9 mm (H) by 7.9 mm (W) by 12.7 mm (L) were used to produce firebrands. The same-size wood pieces were used to feed the bench-scale continuous Firebrand Generator in past studies and have been shown to be commensurate with sizes measured from full-scale burning trees, as well size distributions obtained from actual WUI fires [22,28].…”

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASTM E108 [38]) and wildfire protection building construction recommendations. The interested reader is referred to the recent paper of Manzello and Foote [28].…”

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, due to careful design of the NIST Dragon, it is also possible to generate flaming firebrand showers. Another very important characteristic of the NIST Dragon is that the firebrand size and mass produced using the device can be tailored to those measured from full-scale tree burns and actual WUI fires, which are in stark contrast with the size of firebrands referenced in existing test standards and wildfire protection building construction recommendations [28]. In collaboration with the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CALFIRE), NIST has quantified firebrand distributions from a real WUI fire (Angora Fire) for the first time [28]; more information such as this is needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposing Decking Assemblies to Continuous Wind-Driven Firebrand Showers

Manzello¹,

Suzuki²

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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A series of experiments were conducted to examine potential vulnerabilities of wood decks to continuous, wind-driven firebrand showers. Sections of wood decks (1.2 m by 1.2 m) were constructed and attached to a reentrant corner assembly. The deck/reentrant corner assembly was then exposed to continuous, winddriven firebrand bombardment generated by the newly developed NIST full-scale Continuous Feed Firebrand Generator (NIST full-scale Continuous Feed Dragon) installed in the Building Research Institute's (BRI) Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF). Three different wood deck types were exposed to wind-driven firebrand showers at wind speed of 6 m/s; Western Red Cedar, Douglas-Fir, and Redwood. For each wood deck tested (exposed to a total firebrand mass flux of 17.1 g/m 2 s), firebrands accumulated on the deck surface, and each wood deck type was observed to ignite by flaming ignition. The average time to flaming ignition was 437 s for Cedar, 934 s for Douglas-Fir, and 756 s for Redwood. Therefore, wood decks were observed to be vulnerable to ignition from continuous, wind-driven firebrand showers. Results of these experiments are discussed in detail.

show abstract

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ASTM E108 [38]) and wildfire protection building construction recommendations. The interested reader is referred to the recent paper of Manzello and Foote [28].…”

Section: Experimental Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Exposing Decking Assemblies to Continuous Wind-Driven Firebrand Showers

Manzello¹,

Suzuki²

2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…For years, post-fire studies have identified firebrands as a significant source of ignition in these fires (see Ref. [2] for a review of many of these studies). The coupling of the NIST Firebrand Generator (NIST Dragon) to the Building Research Institute's (BRI) Full Scale Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) in Tsukuba, Japan has made it possible to expose actual building elements to wind-driven firebrand showers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance of Concrete Tile and Terracotta Tile Roofing Assemblies Exposed to Wind-Driven Firebrand Showers

Manzello¹

2013

Self Cite

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The performance of wood and tile roofing assemblies exposed to continuous firebrand assault

2016

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The performance of tile roofing assemblies as well as untreated cedar shake roofing assemblies exposed to continuous firebrand showers were compared. Specifically, experiments were conducted for two types of concrete tile roofing assemblies (flat and profiled), one type of terracotta tile roofing assembly (flat), and an untreated (without any fire retardant) cedar shake roofing assembly. The design of the roofing assemblies were based on construction guidelines in the USA. The duration of the firebrand flux was fixed at 20 minutes, and the wind speed was varied from 6 m/s to 9 m/s. These wind speeds were chosen to be able to compare roofing assembly performance to similar assemblies exposed to a batch-feed firebrand generator which had limited duration of firebrand exposure (6 min). The average firebrand mass flux that arrived at the surface of the roofing assemblies was 0.3 g/m2s Results indicated that for the untreated cedar shake assemblies, ignition occurred easily from the firebrand assault, and this type of roofing assembly generated their own firebrands after ignition. To attempt to quantify the degree of penetration, the number of firebrands that penetrated the tile roofing assemblies, and deposited onto the underlayment/counter-batten system was counted as function of wind speed for each assembly. Firebrand penetration was observed, even for the flat tile assemblies. It is believed that these are the first-ever experiments described in the peer-reviewed literature to expose wood and tile roofing experiments to continuous wind-driven firebrand showers.

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Characterizing Firebrand Exposure from Wildland–Urban Interface (WUI) Fires: Results from the 2007 Angora Fire

Cited by 77 publications

References 13 publications

Exposing Decking Assemblies to Continuous Wind-Driven Firebrand Showers

Exposing Decking Assemblies to Continuous Wind-Driven Firebrand Showers

The Performance of Concrete Tile and Terracotta Tile Roofing Assemblies Exposed to Wind-Driven Firebrand Showers

The performance of wood and tile roofing assemblies exposed to continuous firebrand assault

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