Characterizing marine hydrocarbons with in-situ mass spectrometry

Camilli, Richard; Duryea, A.

doi:10.1109/oceans.2007.4449412

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The use of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles may also constitute a means to be present in locations not accessible by ship. The Autonomous Underwater Vehicles should be equipped with different geophysical, physical, chemical, and biological samplers or sensors (Camilli & Duryea, ). Modeling and data assimilation will get a boost when new (winter) data become available, and this will in turn enhance the understanding of the gyre in a synergistic way.…”

Section: Synthesis and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: Present Knowledge and Future Challenges

Vernet

Geibert

Hoppema

et al. 2019

Reviews of Geophysics

154

147

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The Weddell Gyre (WG) is one of the main oceanographic features of the Southern Ocean south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current which plays an influential role in global ocean circulation as well as gas exchange with the atmosphere. We review the state‐of‐the art knowledge concerning the WG from an interdisciplinary perspective, uncovering critical aspects needed to understand this system's role in shaping the future evolution of oceanic heat and carbon uptake over the next decades. The main limitations in our knowledge are related to the conditions in this extreme and remote environment, where the polar night, very low air temperatures, and presence of sea ice year‐round hamper field and remotely sensed measurements. We highlight the importance of winter and under‐ice conditions in the southern WG, the role that new technology will play to overcome present‐day sampling limitations, the importance of the WG connectivity to the low‐latitude oceans and atmosphere, and the expected intensification of the WG circulation as the westerly winds intensify. Greater international cooperation is needed to define key sampling locations that can be visited by any research vessel in the region. Existing transects sampled since the 1980s along the Prime Meridian and along an East‐West section at ~62°S should be maintained with regularity to provide answers to the relevant questions. This approach will provide long‐term data to determine trends and will improve representation of processes for regional, Antarctic‐wide, and global modeling efforts—thereby enhancing predictions of the WG in global ocean circulation and climate.

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Section: Synthesis and Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: Present Knowledge and Future Challenges

Vernet

Geibert

Hoppema

et al. 2019

Reviews of Geophysics

154

147

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“…Such instruments are typically employed in the marine environment, in vertical casts, in horizontal profilers, or in benthic platforms (e.g., Marinaro et al 2006;Camilli and Duryea 2007;Newman et al 2008;Krabbenhoeft et al 2010;Gasperini et al 2012;Embriaco et al 2014). A review of the present technology is provided in Boulart et al (2010).…”

Section: Dissolved Gasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting and Measuring Gas Seepage

Etiope

2015

Natural Gas Seepage

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This chapter provides a representative overview of current methodologies for detection of gas seepage on Earth's surface, both on land and in aquatic environments (rivers, lakes, oceans). Most of the techniques described can be utilised to discover gas seepage independent of the study objective (i.e. whether for petroleum exploration, geo-hazards, or environmental studies). Most of these techniques can also be used to measure anthropogenic gas leaks, such as fugitive emissions from petroleum production and distribution facilities. Applications to petroleum exploration, as well as related interpretative tools and limits, with references to microseepage detection, are discussed in Chap. 5.The goal of this chapter is not (and cannot be) an exhaustive manual or review for all of the currently available surface seepage prospecting methods. As outlined in the sections below, several traditional techniques have been described in review papers. Here, a synthetic and synoptic picture for several currently available methodologies is provided, including the latest techniques and capabilities offered by new generation instruments. The discussion provided here focuses on direct gas detection methods. The use of gas seepage in petroleum exploration is outlined in Chap. 5. Indirect methods, including geophysical techniques and measurements of chemical, physical, or microbiological parameters in soils, water, rocks, or vegetation, modified by the presence of hydrocarbons, are briefly illustrated. Specific references, as well as a few case histories, are provided for those interested in a deeper reading of the technical details of sensing principles and instrumentation design. The detection of oil is not the objective of this book. Gas Detection MethodsAs illustrated in Fig. 4.1, gas seepage can be detected above the ground (atmospheric measurements), in the ground (soils and well head-space), and in water bodies (shallow aquifers, springs, rivers, bogs, lakes, and seas). Several of the methodologies are visually reviewed in the tree diagram shown in Fig. 4.2.

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“…Using UMS, one can also track the dynamics of biogeochemical changes (Wankel et al, 2010). For example, dissolved O 2 /Ar Whalen et al, 1967;Baumgärtl and Lübbers, 1973 pO 2 , Clark-type amperometric 0.1 µM 0.1 s I-III months to >1 y Revsbech and Ward, 1983;Revsbech et al, 1988;Atkinson et al, 1995 CO 2 ISE <3 µM 10 s I, III 10-50 de Beer et al, 1997;Zhao and Cai, 1997 OPTODES O 2 7 µM s to min I-IV y Liebsch et al, 2000;Tengberg et al, 2006;Martini et al, 2007;Kraker et al, 2008 pCO 2 2.5 dbar min I- III Liebsch et al, 2000;Schroeder et al, 2007 COLORIMETRY O 2 µM s-min IV 5-25 3000 Johnson et al, 1986;Le Bris et al, 2000 pCO Boulart et al, 2010;Wankel et al, 2011;Short et al, 2013Short et al, , 2015 VOCs ppb 1-3 min I-IV 2000 12-14 d Bell et al, 2007;Boulart et al, 2010 hydrocarbons 1 ppb 5 s 5000 1 y Camilli and Duryea, 2007 Note that this is not an exhaustive list of gases, sensors, or references. Environmental type refers to where the instrument can be deployed, with numerals (I-IV) corresponding to (I) surface ocean, (II) deep ocean, (III) coastal waters, and (IV) hydrothermal vents.…”

Section: Underwater Mass Spectrometry (Ums) Ums Vs Contemporary Oceamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Emerging Field of Underwater Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2016

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Mass spectrometers are versatile sensor systems, owing to their high sensitivity and ability to simultaneously measure multiple chemical species. Over the last two decades, traditional laboratory-based membrane inlet mass spectrometers have been adapted for underwater use. Underwater mass spectrometry (UMS) has drastically improved our capability to monitor a broad suite of gaseous compounds (e.g., dissolved atmospheric gases, light hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds) in the aquatic environment. Here we provide an overview of the progress made in the field of UMS since its inception in the 1990s to the present. In particular, we discuss the approaches undertaken by various research groups in developing in situ mass spectrometers. We also provide examples to illustrate how underwater mass spectrometers have been used in the field. Finally, we present future trends in the field of in situ mass spectrometry. Most of these efforts are aimed at improving the quality and spatial and temporal scales of chemical measurements in the ocean. By providing up-to-date information on UMS, this review offers guidance for researchers interested in adapting this technology as well as goals for future progress in the field.

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Characterizing marine hydrocarbons with in-situ mass spectrometry

Cited by 18 publications

References 10 publications

The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: Present Knowledge and Future Challenges

The Weddell Gyre, Southern Ocean: Present Knowledge and Future Challenges

Detecting and Measuring Gas Seepage

A Review of the Emerging Field of Underwater Mass Spectrometry

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