Characterizing Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Multidimensional Approach

Malow, Beth A.; Marzec, Mary L.; McGrew, Susan G.; Wang, Lily; Henderson, Lynnette M.; Stone, Wendy L.

doi:10.1093/sleep/29.12.1563

Cited by 399 publications

(346 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Among the sleep problems most commonly reported, sleep onset, sleep maintenance, and sleep duration are consistently the most predominant concerns expressed by parents of children with an ASD. 20 However, other types of sleep disturbances have also been reported in ASD children, including parasomnias (nightmares, screaming), sleeprelated breathing disorders, sleep-related movement disorders, and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Although the frequency of night-time awakening is similar to that of typically developing children, ASD children experience more lengthy periods of night waking (i.e., frequently as much as 2 to 3 hours per night).…”

Section: Sleep Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Comorbidities in Autism: Challenges to Diagnosis and Treatment

2010

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Summary:Ever since its original description by Leo Kanner in l943, autism has been generally defined by its clinical characteristics and core symptoms that include impaired social skills, isolated areas of interest, and delayed and disordered language. Over time, it has become apparent that autism is a heterogeneous disorder with regard to its clinical presentation, etiology, underlying neurobiology, and degree of severity. As a result, the termed diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has come into common usage. With advancements in clinical care, there has come the appreciation that many ASD children, adolescents, and adults may have medically relevant disorders that may negatively impact their developmental progress and behavior, but which frequently go undetected. Many of these medical conditions are treatable, often resulting in improved developmental gains and quality of life for the patient and family. In addition, the possibility exists that some of these medical conditions may suggest the presence of important genetic and/or biologic markers, which, if identified, can refine our ability to be more precise in categorizing clinical and genetic subtypes within the autism spectrum.

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Section: Sleep Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Comorbidities in Autism: Challenges to Diagnosis and Treatment

2010

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“…This problem persists through childhood because 50-80% of children with ASD show highly significant increased sleep latency and nocturnal awakenings (Richdale and Prior 1995;Taira et al 1998;Takase et al 1998;Hering et al 1999;Elia et al 2000;Hayashi 2000;Schreck and Mulick 2000;Gail Williams et al 2004;Wiggs and Stores 2004;Limoges et al 2005;Oyane and Bjorvatn 2005;Polimeni et al 2005;Allik et al 2006;Hare et al 2006;Liu et al 2006;Malow et al 2006). An extensive survey of the sleep problems observed in ASD was recently reported by Liu et al (2006).…”

Section: Atypical Sleep and Circadian Rhythms In Autism Spectrum Disomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Possible Interplay of Synaptic and Clock Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Bourgeron¹

2007

Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology

165

124

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by deficits in social communication, absence or delay in language, and stereotyped and repetitive behaviors. Results from genetic studies reveal one pathway associated with susceptibility to ASD, which includes the synaptic cell adhesion molecules NLGN3, NLGN4, and NRXN1 and a postsynaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3. This protein complex is crucial for the maintenance of functional synapses as well as the adequate balance between neuronal excitation and inhibition. Among the factors that could modulate this pathway are the genes controlling circadian rhythms. Indeed, sleep disorders and low melatonin levels are frequently observed in ASD. In this context, an alteration of both this synaptic pathway and the setting of the clock would greatly increase the risk of ASD. In this chapter, I report genetic and neurobiological findings that highlight the major role of synaptic and clock genes in the susceptibility to ASD. On the basis of these lines of evidence, I propose that future studies of ASD should investigate the circadian modulation of synaptic function as a focus for functional analyses and the development of new therapeutic strategies.

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“…The CSHQ is a validated measure in the ASD population 29,30 and assesses various sleep problems. Questions are answered on a 3-point scale ("rarely," "sometimes," "usually"), and items rated as "sometimes" or "usually" were used to endorse sleep problems in the current study.…”

Section: Sleep Habits and Problemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern of Diagnosis and Co-occurring Symptoms in Adopted Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2016

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To determine whether adopted children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) differ from the general ASD population in terms of diagnosis, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, sleep problems, and medications. METHODS:We studied 163 adoptees in the Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network (ATN) in comparison with 5624 nonadopted ATN participants (aged 1.5-17.6 years; mean [SD] = 6.2 [3.4] years). Gender, age, race, ethnicity, IQ, and categorical Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, ASD diagnosis were tested for differences by group (adopted versus nonadopted) by using independent-samples t tests for continuous variables and Fisher's exact tests for categorical variables. Logistic or linear regression models were used to examine the association between adoption status and several outcome variables, after controlling for covariates. RESULTS:After controlling for demographics and diagnosis, there were significant differences in group characteristics, including greater propensity for externalizing behavior (P < .001), internalizing behavior (P = .001), and sleep problems (P < .001) in the adopted population. Adoptees were also prescribed psychotropic medications (P < .001) more often than the nonadoptees. Adoptees received a diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified significantly more frequently than controls (odds ratio = 1.8; CI = 1.3-2.5; P < .001), despite no significant difference in symptoms on standardized measures. CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that the population of adopted children with ASD differs from the general ASD population both with regard to diagnostic subtype and co-occurring behavioral problems. Future research should evaluate the contributions of specific factors associated with adoption such as biological family history, pregnancy history, early childhood experience, and age at adoption.

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Characterizing Sleep in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Multidimensional Approach

Abstract: Parentally reported sleep concerns of insomnia in children with ASD are substantiated by validated sleep questionnaires and by PSG. Furthermore, good sleepers with ASD showed fewer affective problems and better social interactions than ASD poor sleepers.

Cited by 399 publications

References 31 publications

Medical Comorbidities in Autism: Challenges to Diagnosis and Treatment

Medical Comorbidities in Autism: Challenges to Diagnosis and Treatment

The Possible Interplay of Synaptic and Clock Genes in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Pattern of Diagnosis and Co-occurring Symptoms in Adopted Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

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