Characterizing Solar Energetic Particle Event Profiles with Two-Parameter Fits

Kahler, S. W.; Ling, A. G.

doi:10.1007/s11207-017-1085-4

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Readers are referred to recent reviews (e.g. Verkhoglyadova et al 2015;Desai and Giacalone 2016;Kahler and Ling 2017;Klein and Dalla 2017) and references therein. In this section, we will focus only on electrons during SEP events.…”

Section: Solar Energetic Particles (Seps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Power-Law Spectra in Solar and Space Plasmas

et al. 2018

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Particles are accelerated to very high, non-thermal energies in solar and space plasma environments. While energy spectra of accelerated electrons often exhibit a power law, it remains unclear how electrons are accelerated to high energies and what processes determine the power-law index δ . Here, we review previous observations of the power-law index δ in a variety of different plasma environments with a particular focus on sub-relativistic electrons. It appears that in regions more closely related to magnetic reconnection (such as the 'above-the-looptop' solar hard X-ray source and the plasma sheet in Earth's magnetotail),

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Section: Solar Energetic Particles (Seps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Electron Power-Law Spectra in Solar and Space Plasmas

et al. 2018

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“…In doing so, AS-PECS incorporates the Spaceweather HMI Active Region Patch (SHARP) in its solar flare forecasting scheme, facilitating the need for accurate solar flare forecasts closer to the solar limb. Coupling of a physics-based (SOLPENCO; Aran et al 2008) and an empirical data driven approach (Kahler & Ling 2017) will provide the expected SEP time profile in energies (E>10-; >30-; >100and >330 MeV).…”

Section: Space Weather Tools For Solar Orbiter Science Operationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Models and data analysis tools for the Solar Orbiter mission

Rouillard

Pinto

Vourlidas

et al. 2020

A&A

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Context. The Solar Orbiter spacecraft will be equipped with a wide range of remote-sensing (RS) and in-situ (IS) instruments to record novel and unprecedented measurements of the solar atmosphere and the inner heliosphere. To take full advantage of these new datasets, tools and techniques must be developed to ease multi-instrument and multi-spacecraft studies. In particular the currently inaccessible low solar corona below two solar radii can only be observed remotely. Furthermore techniques must be used to retrieve coronal plasma properties in time and in three dimensional (3D) space. Solar Orbiter will run complex observation campaigns that provide interesting opportunities to maximise the likelihood of linking IS data to their source region near the Sun. Several RS instruments can be directed to specific targets situated on the solar disk just days before data acquisition. To compare IS and RS, data we must improve our understanding of how heliospheric probes magnetically connect to the solar disk. Aims. The aim of the present paper is to briefly review how the current modelling of the Sun and its atmosphere can support Solar Orbiter science. We describe the results of a community-led effort by European Space Agency (ESA)'s Modelling and Data Analysis Working Group (MADAWG) to develop different models, tools, and techniques deemed necessary to test different theories for the physical processes that may occur in the solar plasma. The focus here is on the large scales and little is described with regards to kinetic processes. To exploit future IS and RS data fully, many techniques have been adapted to model the evolving 3D solar magneto-plasma from the solar interior to the solar wind. A particular focus in the paper is placed on techniques that can estimate how Solar Orbiter will connect magnetically through the complex coronal magnetic fields to various photospheric and coronal features in support of spacecraft operations and future scientific studies. Methods. Recent missions such as STEREO, provided great opportunities for RS, IS, and multi-spacecraft studies. We summarise the achievements and highlight the challenges faced during these investigations, many of which motivated the Solar Orbiter mission. We present the new tools and techniques developed by the MADAWG to support the science operations and the analysis of the data from the many instruments on Solar Orbiter. Results. This article reviews current modelling and tool developments that ease the comparison of model results with RS and IS data made available by current and upcoming missions. It also describes the modelling strategy to support the science operations and subsequent exploitation of Solar Orbiter data in order to maximise the scientific output of the mission. Conclusions. The on-going community effort presented in this paper has provided new models and tools necessary to support mission operations as well as the science exploitation of the Solar Orbiter data. The tools and techniques will no doubt evolve significantly as we refine our proc...

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“…Finally, an additional number of concepts and schemes have been proposed by the scientific community focusing on the prediction of the expected SEP time-profile using simple fits [116] and exploring the possibility to establish an empirical algorithm for the SEP probability of occurrence taking into account the time delays from the peak time of the soft X-rays to the onset time of the SEP event [117]. Once a solar flare occurs on the solar disc, electromagnetic radiation is emitted virtually across the electromagnetic spectrum (see figure 3 for a simplified example).…”

Section: (A) Empirical or Semi-empiricalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar energetic particles in the inner heliosphere: status and open questions

Anastasiadis

Lario

Papaioannou

et al. 2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Solar energetic particle (SEP) events are related to both solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and they present energy spectra that span from a few keV up to several GeV. A wealth of observations from widely distributed spacecraft have revealed that SEPs fill very broad regions of the heliosphere, often all around the Sun. High-energy SEPs can sometimes be energetic enough to penetrate all the way down to the surface of the Earth and thus be recorded on the ground as ground level enhancements (GLEs). The conditions of the radiation environment are currently unpredictable due to an as-yet incomplete understanding of solar eruptions and their corresponding relation to SEP events. This is because the complex nature and the interplay of the injection, acceleration and transport processes undergone by the SEPs in the solar corona and the interplanetary space prevent us from establishing an accurate understanding (based on observations and modelling). In this work, we review the current status of knowledge on SEPs, focusing on GLEs and multi-spacecraft events. We extensively discuss the forecasting and nowcasting efforts of SEPs, dividing these into three categories. Finally, we report on the current open questions and the possible direction of future research efforts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Solar eruptions and their space weather impact’.

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Characterizing Solar Energetic Particle Event Profiles with Two-Parameter Fits

Cited by 13 publications

References 53 publications

Electron Power-Law Spectra in Solar and Space Plasmas

Electron Power-Law Spectra in Solar and Space Plasmas

Models and data analysis tools for the Solar Orbiter mission

Solar energetic particles in the inner heliosphere: status and open questions

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