Characterizing solar proton energy spectra for radiation effects applications

Xapsos, M.A.; Barth, J.L.; Stassinopoulos, E. G.; Messenger, S.R.; Walters, R.J.; Summers, G.P.; Burke, E.A.

doi:10.1109/23.903756

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Townsend et al also produced a spectrum based on the September 1989 SPE but this was more of a Western event than a central meridian event so it was decided to use the spectral shape from March 1991. It is interesting to note that the authors projected the dose in Si for the SPE behind various thicknesses of Al shielding and found values which exceed the 100% limits proposed by Xapsos et al (2000). (Townsend et al 2003).…”

Section: The Carrington Eventmentioning

confidence: 93%

The magnitude and effects of extreme solar particle events

Jiggens

Chavy-Macdonald

Santin

et al. 2014

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The solar energetic particle (SEP) radiation environment is an important consideration for spacecraft design, spacecraft mission planning and human spaceflight. Herein is presented an investigation into the likely severity of effects of a very large Solar Particle Event (SPE) on technology and humans in space. Fluences for SPEs derived using statistical models are compared to historical SPEs to verify their appropriateness for use in the analysis which follows. By combining environment tools with tools to model effects behind varying layers of spacecraft shielding it is possible to predict what impact a large SPE would be likely to have on a spacecraft in Near-Earth interplanetary space or geostationary Earth orbit. Also presented is a comparison of results generated using the traditional method of inputting the environment spectra, determined using a statistical model, into effects tools and a new method developed as part of the ESA SEPEM Project allowing for the creation of an effect time series on which statistics, previously applied to the flux data, can be run directly. The SPE environment spectra is determined and presented as energy integrated proton fluence (cm À2 ) as a function of particle energy (in MeV). This is input into the SHIELDOSE-2, MULASSIS, NIEL, GRAS and SEU effects tools to provide the output results. In the case of the new method for analysis, the flux time series is fed directly into the MULASSIS and GEMAT tools integrated into the SEPEM system. The output effect quantities include total ionising dose (in rads), non-ionising energy loss (MeV g À1 ), single event upsets (upsets/bit) and the dose in humans compared to established limits for stochastic (or cancer-causing) effects and tissue reactions (such as acute radiation sickness) in humans given in grey-equivalent and sieverts respectively.

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Section: The Carrington Eventmentioning

confidence: 93%

The magnitude and effects of extreme solar particle events

Jiggens

Chavy-Macdonald

Santin

et al. 2014

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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“…This was done by fitting the GOES fluence spectra to spectral representations found in the literature. The GOES differential fluence spectra were fit using four trial spectral models: the Band Function (Band et al, 1993), the Ellison-Ramaty model (Ellison and Ramaty, 1985), the Weibull model (Xapsos et al, 2000), and a power law in energy, f(E) = AE Àg . With the GOES differential fluence spectral fit, the median energy value for each channel had to be refined.…”

Section: Fitting the Goes Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Database of episode-integrated solar energetic proton fluences

Robinson

Adams

Xapsos

et al. 2018

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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-A new database of proton episode-integrated fluences is described. This database contains data from two different instruments on multiple satellites. The data are from instruments on the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform-8 (IMP8) and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) series. A method to normalize one set of data to one another is presented to create a seamless database spanning 1973 to 2016. A discussion of some of the characteristics that episodes exhibit is presented, including episode duration and number of peaks. As an example of what can be understood about episodes, the July 4, 2012 episode is examined in detail. The coronal mass ejections and solar flares that caused many of the fluctuations of the proton flux seen at Earth are associated with peaks in the proton flux during this episode. The reasoning for each choice is laid out to provide a reference for how CME and solar flares associations are made.

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“…The exponential energy dependence in the Weibull differential energy spectrum could be due to dissipation of the high-energy SEP ions by scattering from self-generated waves. However, further investigation is required to determine if this type of physical process is related to the Weibull distribution (Xapsos et al, 2000).…”

Section: Geospace Sep Fluence Rate Specificationmentioning

confidence: 99%