Characterizing sources of nitrate leaching from an irrigated dairy farm in Merced County, California

Schans, M.L. van der; Harter, Thomas; Leijnse, A.; Mathews, M. C.; Meyer, R. D.

doi:10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.06.002

Cited by 38 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Manure and lagoon-water application to fields are infrequent and diluted with irrigation water. Based on known hydrologic fluxes and nutrient management practices (17), we estimate that the annual average net application of liquid manure in fields is 5 times lower than the potential leaching rate from lagoons. This is consistent with a nearly 2-fold difference in groundwater salinity, a conservative measure of the manure-derived fraction of groundwater (16).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use and Environmental Occurrence of Antibiotics in Freestall Dairy Farms with Manured Forage Fields

Watanabe

Bergamaschi

Loftin

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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191

104

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Environmental releases of antibiotics from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) are of increasing regulatory concern. This study investigates the use and occurrence of antibiotics in dairy CAFOs and their potential transport into first-encountered groundwater. On two dairies we conducted four seasonal sampling campaigns, each across 13 animal production and waste management systems and associated environmental pathways: application to animals, excretion to surfaces, manure collection systems, soils, and shallow groundwater. Concentrations of antibiotics were determined using on line solid phase extraction (OLSPE) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) for water samples, and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) LC/MS/MS with ESI for solid samples. A variety of antibiotics were applied at both farms leading to antibiotics excretion of several hundred grams per farm per day. Sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and their epimers/isomers, and lincomycin were most frequently detected. Yet, despite decades of use, antibiotic occurrence appeared constrained to within farm boundaries. The most frequent antibiotic detections were associated with lagoons, hospital pens, and calf hutches. When detected below ground, tetracyclines were mainly found in soils, whereas sulfonamides were found in shallow groundwater reflecting key differences in their physicochemical properties. In manure lagoons, 10 compounds were detected including tetracyclines and trimethoprim. Of these 10, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, and lincomycin were found in shallow groundwater directly downgradient from the lagoons. Antibiotics were sporadically detected in field surface samples on fields with manure applications, but not in underlying sandy soils. Sulfadimethoxine and sulfamethazine were detected in shallow groundwater near field flood irrigation gates, but at highly attenuated levels.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use and Environmental Occurrence of Antibiotics in Freestall Dairy Farms with Manured Forage Fields

Watanabe

Bergamaschi

Loftin

et al. 2010

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

191

104

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“…Several studies in the San Joaquin Basin, Sacramento Valley and other counties have already confirmed high levels of nitrate in the groundwater of the CV [14][15][16][17][18]. Statistical methods have been used to study the relationship between groundwater nitrate contamination and predictor variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Groundwater Nitrate Contamination in the Central Valley: Comparison of the Geodetector Method, Principal Component Analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression

Shrestha

Luo

2017

IJGI

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Groundwater nitrate contamination in the Central Valley (CV) aquifer of California is a ubiquitous groundwater problem found in various parts of the valley. Heavy irrigation and application of fertilizer over the last several decades have caused groundwater nitrate contamination in several domestic, public and monitoring wells in the CV above EPA's Maximum Contamination level of 10 mg/L. Source variables, aquifer susceptibility and geochemical variables could affect the contamination rate and groundwater quality in the aquifer. A comparative study was conducted using Geodetector (GED), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to observe which method is most effective at revealing environmental variables that control groundwater nitrate concentration. The GED method detected precipitation, fertilizer, elevation, manure and clay as statistically significant variables. Watersheds with percent of wells above 5 mg/L of nitrate were higher in San Joaquin and Tulare Basin compared to Sacramento Valley. PCA grouped cropland, fertilizer, manure and precipitation as a first principal component, suggesting similar construct of these variables and existence of data redundancy. The GWR model performed better than the OLS model, with lower corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) values, and captured the spatial heterogeneity of fertilizer, precipitation and elevation for the percent of wells above 5 mg/L in the CV. Overall, the GED method was more effective than the PCA and GWR methods in determining the influence of explanatory variables on groundwater nitrate contamination.

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“…Dairy farm effluent, which refers to manure and urine deposited throughout the milking process, is diluted while washing the milking shed floor (Williamson et al, 1998;Hooda et al, 2000). Animal waste in dairy effluent is a major source of pollution through nutrient enrichment of streams and groundwater which may, in turn, have a significant impact on the environment (Wilcock et al, 1999;Ali et al, 2006;Atalay et al, 2008;Kay et al, 2008;Van der Schans et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Groundwater quality on dairy farms in central South Africa

Esterhuizen¹,

Fossey²,

Potgieter³

2016

WSA

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Dairy farms in central South Africa depend mostly on groundwater for domestic needs and dairy activities. Groundwater samples were collected from 37 dairy farms during 2009 and 2013. Sixteen water quality parameters were tested and compared to the standard. Four parameters in 2009 and six in 2013 exhibited 100% compliance with the standard. Nitrate, Escherichia coli and total coliforms showed relatively low compliance across farms and years. Almost all farms were noncompliant for hardness in both sampling years. T-tests revealed significant changes from 2009 to 2013 for pH (t = 2.580; p = 0.006), hardness (t = 2.197; p = 0.016) and potassium (K) (t = 1.699; p = 0.0468). For hardness, approximately 45% of the farms in 2009, and 57% in 2013, posed a health risk to sensitive consumers. More than 50% of the farms in both years demonstrated levels of nitrates that could pose a health risk, particularly for babies. High levels of coliforms and E. coli were found, indicating a health risk for clinical infections in consumers. The number of farms presenting 3 or more parameters with a health risk more than doubled from 13.5% in 2009 to 27.0% in 2013.

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Characterizing sources of nitrate leaching from an irrigated dairy farm in Merced County, California

Cited by 38 publications

References 28 publications

Use and Environmental Occurrence of Antibiotics in Freestall Dairy Farms with Manured Forage Fields

Use and Environmental Occurrence of Antibiotics in Freestall Dairy Farms with Manured Forage Fields

Analysis of Groundwater Nitrate Contamination in the Central Valley: Comparison of the Geodetector Method, Principal Component Analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression

Groundwater quality on dairy farms in central South Africa

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