Characterizing Species Interactions to Understand Press Perturbations: What Is the Community Matrix?

Novák, Márk; Yeakel, Justin D.; Noble, Andrew E.; Doak, Daniel F.; Emmerson, Mark; Estes, James A.; Jacob, Ute; Tinker, M. Timothy; Wootton, J. Timothy

doi:10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-032416-010215

Cited by 107 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 99 publications

(162 reference statements)

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“…However, in model networks, net effects are commonly analyzed by calculating the negative of the inverse Jacobian matrix (Novak et al. ). The formulation of our model, without static interaction coefficients and, potentially without attaining static equilibria, limits the applicability of analyses based on Jacobian matrices.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of multiple biotic interaction types on species persistence

García‐Callejas

Molowny‐Horas

Araújo

2018

Ecology

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No species can persist in isolation from other species, but how biotic interactions affect species persistence is still a matter of inquiry. Is persistence more likely in communities with higher proportion of competing species, or in communities with more positive interactions? How do different components of community structure mediate this relationship? We address these questions using a novel simulation framework that generates realistic communities with varying numbers of species and different proportions of biotic interaction types within and across trophic levels. We show that when communities have fewer species, persistence is more likely if positive interactions-such as mutualism and commensalism-are prevalent. In species-rich communities, the disproportionate effect of positive interactions on persistence is diluted and different combinations of biotic interaction types can coexist without affecting persistence significantly. We present the first theoretical examination of how multiple-interaction networks with varying architectures relate to local species persistence, and provide insight about the underlying causes of stability in communities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of multiple biotic interaction types on species persistence

García‐Callejas

Molowny‐Horas

Araújo

2018

Ecology

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“…For example, in empirical studies of mutualistic interactions, the degree of species dependence on another species (see 'Network complexity' for a definition) has been used to quantify the link among involved species (Jordano 1987). See also Berlow et al 2004, Wootton and Emmerson 2005, and Novak et al 2016 for reviews on the different definitions of strength of interaction and of the matrix A.…”

Section: Ecological Network Definedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity and stability of ecological networks: a review of the theory

et al. 2018

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Our planet is changing at paces never observed before. Species extinction is happening at faster rates than ever, greatly exceeding the five mass extinctions in the fossil record. Nevertheless, our lives are strongly based on services provided by ecosystems, thus the responses to global change of our natural heritage are of immediate concern. Understanding the relationship between complexity and stability of ecosystems is of key importance for the maintenance of the balance of human growth and the conservation of all the natural services that ecosystems provide. Mathematical network models can be used to simplify the vast complexity of the real world, to formally describe and investigate ecological phenomena, and to understand ecosystems propensity of returning to its functioning regime after a stress or a perturbation. The use of ecological-network models to study the relationship between complexity and stability of natural ecosystems is the focus of this review. The concept of ecological networks and their characteristics are first introduced, followed by central and occasionally contrasting definitions of complexity and stability. The literature on the relationship between complexity and stability in different types of models and in real ecosystems is then reviewed, highlighting the theoretical debate and the lack of consensual agreement. The summary of the importance of this line of research for the successful management and conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services concludes the review.

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“…; Novak et al . ). Recognising that the answers to these two questions will not be the same in all circumstances will be key to future progress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Quantifying predator dependence in the functional response of generalist predators

et al. 2017

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A long-standing debate concerns how functional responses are best described. Theory suggests that ratio dependence is consistent with many food web patterns left unexplained by the simplest prey-dependent models. However, for logistical reasons, ratio dependence and predator dependence more generally have seen infrequent empirical evaluation and then only so in specialist predators, which are rare in nature. Here we develop an approach to simultaneously estimate the prey-specific attack rates and predator-specific interference (facilitation) rates of predators interacting with arbitrary numbers of prey and predator species in the field. We apply the approach to surveys and experiments involving two intertidal whelks and their full suite of potential prey. Our study provides strong evidence for predator dependence that is poorly described by the ratio dependent model over manipulated and natural ranges of species abundances. It also indicates how, for generalist predators, even the qualitative nature of predator dependence can be prey-specific.

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Characterizing Species Interactions to Understand Press Perturbations: What Is the Community Matrix?

Cited by 107 publications

References 99 publications

The effect of multiple biotic interaction types on species persistence

The effect of multiple biotic interaction types on species persistence

Complexity and stability of ecological networks: a review of the theory

Quantifying predator dependence in the functional response of generalist predators

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