Characterizing the degeneration of nuclear membrane and mitochondria of adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells from patients with type II diabetes

Abstract

Type II diabetes is a lifestyle-related disease in which patients exhibit hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. 1 Prolonged hyperglycaemia can lead to serious complications, such as blindness due to retinopathy, renal failure, and necrosis of the extremities. 1 Worldwide, the total number of patients with diabetes was reportedly 463 million as of 2019 by the 9th Edition of IDF Diabetes Atlas. Current treatments for type II diabetes combine diet therapy, exercise therapy, and pharmacological therapy with hypoglycaemic agents and insulin. 2 Meanwhile, a regenerative therapeutic approach of transplanting insulin-producing cells is being studied in patients with rapidly progressive severe diabetes. 3 Specifically, the transplantation of insulinproducing cells obtained through the differentiation of autologous

Exosome Degeneration in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

“…We previously reported on the degeneration of organelles in T2DM ADSCs [12]. In T2DM ADSCs, large and flat cells with a swollen cytoplasm have been observed [12]. The additional characteristics of T2DM ADSCs included the heterogeneity of cells, low cell density, and swollen nuclei; however, no such characteristics have been found in T1DM ADSCs, which represented the focus of the present study.…”

“…Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a pathological condition in which insulin secretion is impaired due to the destruction of pancreatic β-cells, in contrast to type 2 diabetes mellitus, wherein genetic and environmental factors are responsible for insulin resistance and decreased insulin secretion [17]. We previously reported on the degeneration of organelles in T2DM ADSCs [12]. In T2DM ADSCs, large and flat cells with a swollen cytoplasm have been observed [12].…”

“…Sci. 2021, 22, 10906 2 of 11 degeneration of nuclei and mitochondria and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activity in T2DM ADSCs [12]. Furthermore, we reported that T2DM ADSCs have low transplantation efficiency, proliferative capacity, and stemness, and are prone to apoptotic cell death [13].…”

“…Recent reports have revealed the functions of various stem cells; however, the characteristics of stem cells found in pathological conditions remain largely unknown. We previously reported the characteristics and effects of transplantation of adipose-derived MSCs of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ADSCs) [12]. We showed the degeneration of nuclei and mitochondria and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activity in T2DM ADSCs [12].…”

“…We previously reported the characteristics and effects of transplantation of adipose-derived MSCs of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ADSCs) [12]. We showed the degeneration of nuclei and mitochondria and reduced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) activity in T2DM ADSCs [12]. Furthermore, we reported that T2DM ADSCs have low transplantation 2 of 11 efficiency, proliferative capacity, and stemness, and are prone to apoptotic cell death [13].…”