Characterizing the resting metabolic rate ratio in ovulatory exercising women over 12 months

Strock, Nicole C.A.; Koltun, Kristen J.; Mallinson, Rebecca J.; Williams, Nancy I.; Souza, Mary Jane De

doi:10.1111/sms.13688

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…An RMRratio of <0.90 has been recognized as a surrogate marker of LEA in exercising females (McCall & Ackerman, 2019;Strock et al, 2020a;Strock et al, 2020b). Furthermore, research by Strock and coworkers has identified that RMRratio accurately reflects total T3 status in females, making it a useful marker of prolonged energy deficiency (Strock et al, 2020a;Strock et al, 2020b). In our study, seven athletes had low RMR, with five of them also having subclinically low testosterone.…”

Section: Metabolic Alterationssupporting

confidence: 46%

“…We are aware of the importance of comparison of different equations and the need for further exploration of cut-off values in males to define presence of adaptive thermogenesis. However, such exploration is beyond the scope of the current work and we hope that the findings of this study provide evidence to substantiate further research to establish whether the proposed cut-offs are transferrable to males (Strock et al, 2020a;Strock et al, 2020b) as well as how RED-S markers are related to low RMR in males.…”

Section: Metabolic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…When energy availability is insufficient for basal physiological processes, the body prioritizes processes essential for survival, reducing RMR to conserve energy, including suppression of reproduction, growth, metabolism, and bone formation (De Souza et al, 2019;Mountjoy et al, 2014;Nattiv et al, 2007). An RMRratio of <0.90 has been recognized as a surrogate marker of LEA in exercising females (McCall & Ackerman, 2019;Strock et al, 2020a;Strock et al, 2020b). Furthermore, research by Strock and coworkers has identified that RMRratio accurately reflects total T3 status in females, making it a useful marker of prolonged energy deficiency (Strock et al, 2020a;Strock et al, 2020b).…”

Section: Metabolic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Surrogate Markers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Male Norwegian Olympic-Level Athletes

Stenqvist

Melin

Garthe³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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The syndrome of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S) includes wide-ranging effects on physiological and psychological functioning, performance, and general health. However, RED-S is understudied among male athletes at the highest performance levels. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate surrogate RED-S markers prevalence in Norwegian male Olympic-level athletes. Athletes (n = 44) aged 24.7 ± 3.8 years, body mass 81.3 ± 15.9 kg, body fat 13.7% ± 5.8%, and training volume 76.1 ± 22.9 hr/month were included. Assessed parameters included resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, and bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and venous blood variables (testosterone, free triiodothyronine, cortisol, and lipids). Seven athletes (16%) grouped by the presence of low RMR (RMRratio < 0.90) (0.81 ± 0.07 vs. 1.04 ± 0.09, p < .001, effect size 2.6), also showed lower testosterone (12.9 ± 5.3 vs. 19.0 ± 5.3 nmol/L, p = .020) than in normal RMR group. In low RMRratio individuals, prevalence of other RED-S markers (—subclinical—low testosterone, low free triiodothyronine, high cortisol, and elevated low-density lipoprotein) was (N/number of markers): 2/0, 2/1, 2/2, 1/3. Low bone mineral density (z-score < −1) was found in 16% of the athletes, all with normal RMR. Subclinical low testosterone and free triiodothyronine levels were found in nine (25%) and two (5%) athletes, respectively. Subclinical high cortisol was found in 23% of athletes while 34% had elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Seven of 12 athletes with two or more RED-S markers had normal RMR. In conclusion, this study found that multiple RED-S markers also exist in male Olympic-level athletes. This highlights the importance of regular screening of male elite athletes, to ensure early detection and treatment of RED-S.

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Section: Metabolic Alterationssupporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Metabolic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Metabolic Alterationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Prevalence of Surrogate Markers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Male Norwegian Olympic-Level Athletes

Stenqvist

Melin

Garthe³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The correct estimation of RMR is also crucial in preventing the onset of reduced energy availability, which can lead to relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) in male and female athletes [13,30]. Given the fact that energy-restricted diets are popular among sport climbers [31], they are at risk of developing micronutrient deficiencies and the insufficient availability of energy, which can lead to endocrine and metabolic disorders [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations in Sport Climbers

Przeliorz-Pyszczek

Kujawa

Regulska−Ilow

2023

IJERPH

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Resting metabolic rate (RMR) represents the energy required to maintain vital body functions. In dietary practice, RMR is determined by predictive equations on the basis of using body weight or fat-free mass. Our study aimed to assess whether predictive equations used to estimate RMR are reliable tools for estimating the energy requirements of sport climbers. The study included 114 sport climbers whose RMR was measured with a Fitmate WM. Anthropometric measurements were performed with X-CONTACT 356. The resting metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry and was compared with the RMR estimated by 14 predictive equations on the basis of using body weight/fat-free mass. All equations underestimated RMR in male and female climbers, except for De Lorenzo’s equation in the group of women. The De Lorenzo equation demonstrated the highest correlation with RMR in both groups. The results of the Bland–Altman tests revealed an increasing measurement error with increasing metabolism for most of the predictive equations in male and female climbers. All equations had low measurement reliability according to the intraclass correlation coefficient. Compared with the indirect calorimetry measurement results, none of the studied predictive equations demonstrated high reliability. There is a need to develop a highly reliable predictive equation to estimate RMR in sport climbers.

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“…20,21 Such adaptations to chronic low EA may be suggested by low triiodothyronine (T 3 ) levels (free and total) and a reduced RMR that can be compared with predicted values in calculations of ratios of measured RMR/ predicted RMR (mRMR/pRMR). [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Ratios of mRMR/ pRMR are stable over time and can be used for serial assessments 57 to predict low T 3 and amenorrhea in exercising women. 52 Depending on the data available (ie, weight, FFM, and lean body mass), several prediction equations are available for use to calculate ratios of mRMR/pRMR, and it is important to note that specific cut-off values indicative of metabolic suppression secondary to energy deficiency are unique to each prediction equation in women.…”

Section: How Is Energy Deficiency Identified?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Male Athlete Triad—A Consensus Statement From the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition Part II: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return-To-Play

Fredericson

Kussman

Misra

et al. 2021

Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine

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:The Male Athlete Triad is a medical syndrome most common in adolescent and young adult male athletes in sports that emphasize a lean physique, especially endurance and weight-class athletes. The 3 interrelated conditions of the Male Athlete Triad occur on spectrums of energy deficiency/low energy availability (EA), suppression of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, and impaired bone health, ranging from optimal health to clinically relevant outcomes of energy deficiency/low EA with or without disordered eating or eating disorder, functional hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and osteoporosis or low bone mineral density with or without bone stress injury (BSI). Because of the importance of bone mass acquisition and health concerns in adolescence, screening is recommended during this time period in the at-risk male athlete. Diagnosis of the Male Athlete Triad is best accomplished by a multidisciplinary medical team. Clearance and return-to-play guidelines are recommended to optimize prevention and treatment. Evidence-based risk assessment protocols for the male athlete at risk for the Male Athlete Triad have been shown to be predictive for BSI and impaired bone health and should be encouraged. Improving energetic status through optimal fueling is the mainstay of treatment. A Roundtable on the Male Athlete Triad was convened by the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition in conjunction with the 64th Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine in Denver, Colorado, in May of 2017. In this second article, the latest clinical research to support current models of screening, diagnosis, and management for at-risk male athlete is reviewed with evidence-based recommendations.

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Characterizing the resting metabolic rate ratio in ovulatory exercising women over 12 months

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Prevalence of Surrogate Markers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Male Norwegian Olympic-Level Athletes

Prevalence of Surrogate Markers of Relative Energy Deficiency in Male Norwegian Olympic-Level Athletes

Accuracy of Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations in Sport Climbers

The Male Athlete Triad—A Consensus Statement From the Female and Male Athlete Triad Coalition Part II: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Return-To-Play

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