Characters for distinguishing the sex of pupae of the dark-sided cutworm, <i>Euxoa messoria</i> (Harris), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cheng, H. H.

doi:10.1139/z70-099

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…Rolled bands of corrugated cardboard (1 × 5 cm) were placed in the 4 L glass culture jars to provide a pupation site to wandering larvae. Males and females were separated from the cardboard rolls in the pupal stage based on the morphology of the ventral terminal segments [ 38 , 39 ]. The mating disruption dispenser used was Cidetrak IMM-36 (Trece Inc., Adair, OK, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia Interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers

Wijayaratne

Burks

2020

Insects

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The Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is controlled by commercial mating disruption dispensers using passive release to emit high concentrations (relative to females or monitoring lures) of their principal sex pheromone component, (9Z,12E)-tetradecadienyl acetate. Since P. interpunctella is sexually active throughout the scotophase, an assay system was developed to determine the importance of direct interaction of the male with the dispenser, and whether exposure to mating disruption early in the night is sufficient to suppress mating throughout the night. Exposure to mating disruption dispensers in the mating assay chamber for the first two hours of a 10-h scotophase significantly reduced mating when females were introduced four hours later. Mating was also reduced to a lesser degree in a concentration-dependent manner based solely on re-emission of pheromone, and when males were exposed outside the mating assay chamber. These results indicate that the commercial mating disruption dispensers can suppress mating throughout the night based on interaction with the dispenser early in the night. Desensitization resulting from attraction to a high-concentration pheromone source is important to this suppression, but other factors such as re-emission from the environment may also have a role. These observations imply a non-competitive mechanism for P. interpunctella with the product studied, and suggest that effectiveness of the mating disruption dispenser might be augmented by using them in conjunction with another formulation such as an aerosol or micro-encapsulated product.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia Interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers

Wijayaratne

Burks

2020

Insects

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“…Plants were covered with a nylon mesh sleeve (50 × 30 cm) to prevent larvae from escaping and were monitored once per week until larvae reached the prepupal stage, after which pots were checked every day until individuals completed pupation. Pupae were separated by sex (Cheng, 1970) and weighed to the nearest 0.01 g (XS105 DualRange balance; Mettler Toledo, Columbus, OH, USA). Pupal weight was used as an estimate of larval performance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Larval development time was recorded from second instar to pupation. Pupae were separated by sex (Cheng, 1970) and weighed to the nearest 0.01 g (XS105 DualRange balance). Pupal weight and larval development time were used as estimates of larval performance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of crop variety and fertilization on oviposition preference and larval performance of a generalist herbivore, the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta

Batallas

Rossato

Mori

et al. 2020

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The relationship between oviposition preference and offspring performance of herbivores is an essential question in the field of plant-insect interactions and may have important implications on integrated pest management practices. Here, we investigated the preference-performance relationship of a generalist herbivore, the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae, Leucaniini). We evaluated the effect of crop species, cultivars, and fertilization rate on host use by adult and larval M. unipuncta in both laboratory and field experiments. Female M. unipuncta preferred to oviposit on cereals (Triticum aestivum L., Hordeum vulgare L., Zea mays L., all Poaceae) compared to oilseed (Brassica napus L., Brassicaceae) or pulse (Pisum sativum L., Fabaceae) crops. The preference-performance relationship was examined further on four cereal crops, spring wheat (T. aestivum cv. CDC Go), winter wheat (T. aestivum cv. CDC Buteo), feed barley (H. vulgare cv. Xena), and malt barley (H. vulgare cv. Copeland). Feed barley was the least preferred cereal by female moths but resulted in the highest larval performance of all tested plants suggesting that females did not select the host on which their offspring performs best, based on nutrient content. In contrast, late-instar larvae selected the hosts, feed barley and malt barley, on which they performed the best, suggesting that larvae have a more active role in host selection for development, compared to adult females. The addition of fertilizer to host plants did not influence adult female oviposition preference. Larvae reared on plants treated with the half (70 mg N) or full (140 mg N) dose of fertilizer resulted in heavier pupae, compared to those reared on unfertilized plants, regardless of crop variety. However, under field conditions fertilization did not enhance larval performance on feed barley plants. The generalist herbivore M. unipuncta does not exhibit the 'mother knows best' principle on the tested hosts and potentially employs a bet-hedging strategy instead.

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“…The dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), is the most destructive pest of tobacco among 60 or more species of cutworms present in the tobacco-growing areas in Ontario (Cheng 1971), and is numerous enough to warrant a critical investigation of its bionomics.…”

Section: Il~troductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Canada,"t has been found in the Northwest Territories and in all provinces except Newfoundland (Hardwick 1970); in the United States, it has been recorded as far south as Tennessee and California (Crumb 1932) and Arizona and New Mexico (Hardwick 1970). Several writers (Crumb 1929(Crumb , 1932Gibson 1915;Cheng 1970;Hardwick 1970) have obscrved and described one or more of its life stages. A fcw writers (Crumb 1929;Bucher andCheng 1970, 1971;Cheng 1972) have listed or made referencc to host plants, oviposition, longevity, and larval mortality; however, there have been no detailed studies on the bionomics of the dark-sided cutworm in America.…”

Section: Il~troductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIONOMICS OF THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN ONTARIO

Cheng

1973

Can Entomol

Self Cite

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The dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), has a North American distribution and is commonly found in tobacco fields in Ontario. It has one generation a year, and overwinters as an egg in the soil. Hatching takes place in early April and the young larvae feed on the rye rotation crop; later they attack newly transplanted tobacco seedlings. Head width measurements of larvae collected from the field show seven instars, but individual rearing data of E. messoria larvae reveal that small numbers pass through six and an occasional larva passes through eight; however, the eighth instar has the same head width as the seventh. Pupation occurs from late July to mid-August in the soil. The adult emerges from mid-August to October, and oviposition occurs in this same period. Eggs are completely developed before winter. Behaviour and duration of the different stages are described. Natural mortality factors of the species are given.

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Characters for distinguishing the sex of pupae of the dark-sided cutworm, Euxoa messoria (Harris), (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia Interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers

Persistence of Mating Suppression of the Indian Meal Moth Plodia Interpunctella in the Presence and Absence of Commercial Mating Disruption Dispensers

Influence of crop variety and fertilization on oviposition preference and larval performance of a generalist herbivore, the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta

OBSERVATIONS ON THE BIONOMICS OF THE DARK-SIDED CUTWORM, EUXOA MESSORIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN ONTARIO

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