Charcoal Ash and Volatile Matter Effects on Soil Properties and Plant Growth in an Acid Ultisol

Deenik, Jonathan; Diarra, Aminata; Uehara, G.; Campbell, Sonia; Sumiyoshi, Yudai; Antal, Michael Jerry

doi:10.1097/ss.0b013e31821fbfea

Cited by 90 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…For the SS biochar treatments in the first crop, plant growth responses were primarily explained by biochar derived increases in extractable base cation concentrations in the soil. The results for both biochar materials in our study agree with previous research demonstrating that direct contributions of mineral nutrients in the biochar ash component play an important role in remediating acidic soils and promoting plant growth [13,27,28,[57][58][59]. By the third crop cycle, we observed distinct differences in the effects of the two biochar materials.…”

Section: Plant Growthsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Previous research has reported varying effects of time on biochar performance. In a greenhouse experiment evaluating the use of Flash Carbonized corn cob biochar applied to an acid Ultisol the benefits were short-lived and did not persist beyond the first crop cycle [27]. In contrast, a Flash Carbonized eucalyptus biochar showed no effect on plant growth in the first crop, but produced significant benefits to plant growth in the second crop [13].…”

Section: Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Potential Benefits and Limitations of Corn Cob and Sewage Sludge Biochars in an Infertile Oxisol

Deenik

Cooney

2016

Sustainability

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Abstract:The thermal conversion of sewage sludge to biochar offers a promising alternative use for a hazardous waste material with potential benefits to agricultural productivity and soil quality. Three short-term greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of corn cob (CC) and sewage sludge (SS) biochars, with their anaerobically treated counterparts, on soil properties and plant growth in an infertile Oxisol. The anaerobically treated SS biochar showed the greatest concentration of bioavailable essential nutrients, but treatment only resulted in increased yields for the SS biochar in the first crop in the absence of added fertilizer. Both CC and SS biochars in combination with fertilizer doubled plant growth compared to the control in the first crop cycle, produced no significant effect in the second cycle, and more than tripled plant growth for the SS biochars in the third cycle. High ash content with high nutrient contributions (especially P) and a persistent liming effect explain the benefits of the SS biochars to plant growth. The SS biochar showed promise in mitigating the negative effects of soil Mn toxicity. Sewage sludge biochars reduced Cd bioavailability and had no significant effect on the bioavailability of other potentially toxic metals compared to the control.

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Section: Plant Growthsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Plant Growthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Benefits and Limitations of Corn Cob and Sewage Sludge Biochars in an Infertile Oxisol

Deenik

Cooney

2016

Sustainability

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“…For example, the higher the temperature of pyrolysis, the greater the surface area, pH and capacity to exchange cations and the lower the percentage of C recovery (Lehmann, 2007). Biochar types with high ash contents can reduce soil acidity, increase soil pH and concentration of essential elements such as Ca, Mg and K and decrease Al availability (Deenik et al, 2011;Deal et al, 2012) while high-surface-area biochar can improve soil water retention capacity (Gray et al, 2014). Biochar is mainly composed of C. A major part of this C is recalcitrant (also known as pyrogenic C, char, black C), and a smaller part is labile, which can affect the soil C/N ratio.…”

Section: Determining Factors and Potential Effects Of Biochar On Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Novotny

Maia

Carvalho

et al. 2015

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

175

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Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use) has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its "inspiration" is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios (Amazon Dark Earth), and also because Brazil is the world's largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc), that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization). In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been carried out and now a vast literature, and excellent reviews, are available. The objective of this paper is therefore to deliver a critical review with some highlights on biochar research, rather than an exhaustive bibliographic review. To this end, some key points considered critical and relevant were selected and the pertinent literature "condensed", with a view to guide future research, rather than analyze trends of the past.

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“…Similar results have been reported by some studies [3,9,18], which indicated that labile C in biochars could effectively lead to an increase in CO2 emission because of priming effects. Deenik et al (2011) [37] demonstrated that biochars with high volatile matter (VM) contents also provide a source of bioavailable C, which stimulates microbial growth and increases C mineralization in soils. Therefore, we deduced that the increased CO2 emission occurred after biochar addition because of (1) the mineralization of labile C (including VM) in the biochars, (2) interactive priming effects among the biochars, compost, and native SOM, and (3) the facilitation of soil aeration by biochar addition, which could be demonstrated by microstructure observation (Figure 4).…”

Section: Co2 Emissions From Soils Amended With the Compost And Biocharsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stabilization of Organic Matter by Biochar Application in Compost-amended Soils with Contrasting pH Values and Textures

et al. 2015

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Food demand and soil sustainability have become urgent concerns because of the impacts of global climate change. In subtropical and tropical regions, practical management that stabilizes and prevents organic fertilizers from rapid decomposition in soils is necessary. This study conducted a short-term (70 days) incubation experiment to assess the effects of biochar application on the decomposition of added bagasse compost in three rural soils with different pH values and textures. Two rice hull biochars, produced through slow pyrolization at 400 °C (RHB-400) and 700 °C (RHB-700), with application rates of 1%, 2%, and 4% (w/w), were separately incorporated into soils with and without compost (1% (w/w) application rate). Experimental results indicated that C mineralization rapidly increased at the beginning in all treatments, particularly in those involving 2% and 4% biochar. The biochar addition increased C mineralization by 7.9%-48% in the compost-amended soils after 70 days incubation while the fractions of mineralized C to applied C significantly decreased. Moreover, the estimated maximum of C mineralization amount in soils treated with both compost and biochar were obviously lower than expectation calculated by a double exponential model (two pool model). Based on the micromorphological observation, added compost was wrapped in the soil aggregates formed after biochar application and then may OPEN ACCESS Sustainability 2015, 7 13318 be protected from decomposing by microbes. Co-application of compost with biochar may be more efficient to stabilize and sequester C than individual application into the studied soils, especially for the biochar produced at high pyrolization temperature.

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Charcoal Ash and Volatile Matter Effects on Soil Properties and Plant Growth in an Acid Ultisol

Cited by 90 publications

References 37 publications

The Potential Benefits and Limitations of Corn Cob and Sewage Sludge Biochars in an Infertile Oxisol

The Potential Benefits and Limitations of Corn Cob and Sewage Sludge Biochars in an Infertile Oxisol

Biochar: Pyrogenic Carbon for Agricultural Use - A Critical Review

Stabilization of Organic Matter by Biochar Application in Compost-amended Soils with Contrasting pH Values and Textures

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