Charcoal Is a Sensitive, Specific, and Stable Marker for the Diagnosis of Aspiration in Hamsters

Avital, Avraham; Sherman, Yoav; Springer, Chaim

doi:10.1203/00006450-200203000-00021

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The mean percentage of alveolar macrophages in BAL fluid of healthy dogs (77% in this study) was close to the value reported in healthy children (88·5%) [25]. The earlier studies, which used the 'traditional' method reported the mean LLMI as 2·3 in hamsters [26] and ≤ 35 in healthy rabbits [27]. This is the first report of the baseline LLMI value for the dog BAL fluid.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Lipid‐laden macrophage index in healthy canines

Savchenko

Dhadwal

Pagala

et al. 2006

Eur J Clin Investigation

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Although the differential cell counts in the dogs' BAL fluid was comparable to that of other experimental animals and humans, the LLMI was distinctly higher than the corresponding value reported for other species. As LLMI is a valuable modality for evaluation of intrapulmonary pathophysiology, these data on LLMI can be used as a species-specific standard for canine subjects used for experimental studies on GER and airway diseases.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…This is the first report of the baseline LLMI value for the dog BAL fluid. The earlier studies, which used the 'traditional' method reported the mean LLMI as 2·3 in hamsters [26] and ≤ 35 in healthy rabbits [27]. Colombo et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid‐laden macrophage index in healthy canines

Savchenko

Dhadwal

Pagala

et al. 2006

Eur J Clin Investigation

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“…The maximal cellular response, caused mainly by a neutrophil increase, was detected during the first day and returned to normal thereafter. There was a moderate increase in total macrophage count compared with a two-to three-fold greater increase in total macrophages found in BAL of hamsters who had milk or milk-charcoal instillation (6). This suggests that, in hamsters, the polystyrene microspheres behave as an inert material and do not induce a sustained inflammatory response in the airways or in the lung parenchyma.…”

Section: Total Cell Counts % Macrophages % Neutrophils and Microspmentioning

confidence: 85%

Polystyrene Microspheres as a Specific Marker for the Diagnosis of Aspiration in Hamsters

Avital

Shapiro

Doviner

et al. 2002

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

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The diagnosis of recurrent aspiration in young children is problematic because there is no specific gold standard test to be used. In the present work, normal saline or a suspension of white polystyrene microspheres in normal saline was instilled into hamsters' trachea (n = 42), and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology, microsphere index (total microspheres/100 macrophages), and lung histology were followed for 90 d. Naive animals (n = 6) had no tracheal instillation. On Days 1, 3, 10, 32, 60, and 90 after tracheal instillation, animals were killed (saline-instilled animals, n = 3; and microsphere-instilled animals, n = 4), and BAL was performed. There was a marked inflammatory response in BAL on Day 1 after tracheal instillation of saline or microsphere suspension. White microspheres were clearly identified within alveolar macrophages in all studied days. Microsphere numbers showed a 50% disappearance rate of 10 d. A mild peribronchial inflammation was noted in lung histology only on Day 1 after instillation. Microspheres were not detected in extrapulmonary organs. We conclude that polystyrene microspheres instilled in hamsters' trachea can be easily identified in BAL macrophages for as long as 3 mo and could potentially be used as a sensitive, specific, and stable marker for the diagnosis of aspiration.

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Oxidant stress from uncoupled nitric oxide synthase impairs vasodilation in fetal lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension

Konduri¹,

Bakhutashvili²,

Eis³

et al. 2007

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

108

137

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Persistent pulmonary hypertension of newborn (PPHN) is associated with decreased NO release and impaired pulmonary vasodilation. We investigated the hypothesis that increased superoxide (O(2)(*-)) release by an uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contributes to impaired pulmonary vasodilation in PPHN. We investigated the response of isolated pulmonary arteries to the NOS agonist ATP and the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in fetal lambs with PPHN induced by prenatal ligation of ductus arteriosus and in sham-ligated controls in the presence or absence of the NOS antagonist nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or the O(2)(*-) scavenger 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonate (Tiron). ATP caused dose-dependent relaxation of pulmonary artery rings in control lambs but induced constriction of the rings in PPHN lambs. L-NAME, the NO precursor L-arginine, and Tiron restored the relaxation response of pulmonary artery rings to ATP in PPHN. Relaxation to NO was attenuated in arteries from PPHN lambs, and the response was improved by L-NAME and by Tiron. We also investigated the alteration in heat shock protein (HSP)90-eNOS interactions and release of NO and O(2)(*-) in response to ATP in the pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) from these lambs. Cultured PAEC and endothelium of freshly isolated pulmonary arteries from PPHN lambs released O(2)(*-) in response to ATP, and this was attenuated by the NOS antagonist L-NAME and superoxide dismutase (SOD). ATP stimulated HSP90-eNOS interactions in PAEC from control but not PPHN lambs. HSP90 immunoprecipitated from PPHN pulmonary arteries had increased nitrotyrosine signal. Oxidant stress from uncoupled eNOS contributes to impaired pulmonary vasodilation in PPHN induced by ductal ligation in fetal lambs.

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Charcoal Is a Sensitive, Specific, and Stable Marker for the Diagnosis of Aspiration in Hamsters

Cited by 5 publications

References 13 publications

Lipid‐laden macrophage index in healthy canines

Lipid‐laden macrophage index in healthy canines

Polystyrene Microspheres as a Specific Marker for the Diagnosis of Aspiration in Hamsters

Oxidant stress from uncoupled nitric oxide synthase impairs vasodilation in fetal lambs with persistent pulmonary hypertension

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