Charge balance for the mesosphere with meteoric dust particles

Asmus, Heiner; Robertson, Scott; Dickson, Shannon; Friedrich, Martin; Megner, Linda

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2014.07.010

Cited by 13 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The charge densities measured with the PDs indicate that this discrepancy can be attributed to the presence of heavy, predominately negatively charged MSPs at least between 92 and 75 km. Note that besides negative dust also negative ions, which were not measured in the frame of the WADIS mission, are an important player in the charge balance in the lower D region (e.g., Baumann et al, 2013Baumann et al, , 2015Plane et al, 2014;Asmus et al, 2015). Nevertheless, negative ion density (predominantly NO − 3 and O − 2 at night around 80 km) are thought to rapidly decrease above 80 km during nighttime due to destruction by atomic oxygen (Thomas and Bowman, 1985;Friedrich et al, 2012;Plane et al, 2014;Baumann et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3.2. Additionally, during nighttime the majority of the MSPs are singly negatively charged for radii less than ∼ 8 nm (e.g., Rapp et al, 2011;Robertson et al, 2014;Baumann et al, 2013Baumann et al, , 2015Asmus et al, 2015;Rapp and Lübken, 2001). Thus, we can assume that the entire population of the negatively charged dust particles, N d − , can be derived from the difference of densities of other plasma constituents:…”

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, indirect remote sensing techniques such as incoherent scatter radars and satellite-based measurements have been used to study MSP properties Strelnikova et al, 2007;Fentzke et al, 2009;Hervig et al, 2009). It has been shown that MSPs are important for the D-region charge balance (Friedrich et al, 2011Baumann et al, 2013Baumann et al, , 2015Robertson et al, 2014;Asmus et al, 2015). Moving with the background flow and bound to neutral air turbulence, charged MSPs are also suggested to be potentially involved in the formation of so-called polar mesospheric winter echoes (PMWEs) (e.g., Kavanagh et al, 2006;Lübken et al, 2007;Kero et al, 2008;La Hoz and Havnes, 2008;Havnes and Kassa, 2009;Havnes et al, 2011;Strelnikova and Rapp, 2013;Stebel et al, 2004;Belova et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimate of size distribution of charged MSPs measured in situ in winter during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign

et al. 2017

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Abstract. We present results of in situ measurements of mesosphere-lower thermosphere dusty-plasma densities including electrons, positive ions and charged aerosols conducted during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign. The neutral air density was also measured, allowing for robust derivation of turbulence energy dissipation rates. A unique feature of these measurements is that they were done in a true common volume and with high spatial resolution. This allows for a reliable derivation of mean sizes and a size distribution function for the charged meteor smoke particles (MSPs). The mean particle radius derived from Schmidt numbers obtained from electron density fluctuations was ∼ 0.56 nm. We assumed a lognormal size distribution of the charged meteor smoke particles and derived the distribution width of 1.66 based on in situ-measured densities of different plasma constituents. We found that layers of enhanced meteor smoke particles' density measured by the particle detector coincide with enhanced Schmidt numbers obtained from the electron and neutral density fluctuations. Thus, we found that large particles with sizes > 1 nm were stratified in layers of ∼ 1 km thickness and lying some kilometers apart from each other.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Particle Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimate of size distribution of charged MSPs measured in situ in winter during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign

et al. 2017

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“…It has been used to simulate NLCs in numerous publications (e.g. Asmus et al, 2015;Kiliani et al, 2015;Chandran et al, 2012;Megner, 2011;Megner et al, 2006;Rapp and Thomas, 2006;Merkel et al, 2009;Stevens, 2005;Vergados and Shepherd, 2009;Lübken et al, 2007). As in the majority of these studies, we use the 1-dimensional set-up of the model to simulate microphysical processes such as ice nucleation and growth, sedimentation and vertical transport.…”

Section: Carma Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of retrieved noctilucent cloud particle properties from Odin tomography scans and model simulations

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Mesospheric ice particles, known as noctilucent clouds or polar mesospheric clouds, have long been observed by rocket instruments, satellites and ground-based remote sensing, while models have been used to simulate ice particle growth and cloud properties. However, the fact that different measurement techniques are sensitive to different parts of the ice particle distribution makes it difficult to compare retrieved parameters such as ice particle radius or ice concentration from different experiments. In this work we investigate the accuracy of satellite retrieval based on scattered light and how this affects derived cloud properties. We apply the retrieval algorithm on spectral signals calculated from modelled cloud distributions and compare the results to the properties of the original distributions. We find that ice mass density is accurately retrieved whereas mean radius is often overestimated and high ice concentrations are generally underestimated. The reason is partly that measurements based on scattered light are insensitive to the smaller particles and partly that the retrieval algorithm assumes a Gaussian size distribution. Once we know the limits of the satellite retrieval we proceed to compare the properties retrieved from the modelled cloud distributions to those observed by the Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System (OSIRIS) instrument on the Odin satellite. We find that a model with a stationary atmosphere, as given by average atmospheric conditions, does not yield cloud properties that are in agreement with the observations, whereas a model with realistic temperature and vertical wind variations does. This indicates that average atmospheric conditions are insufficient to understand the process of noctilucent cloud growth and that a realistic atmospheric variability is crucial for cloud formation and growth. Further, the agreement between results from the model, when set up with a realistically variable atmosphere, and the observations suggests that our understanding of the growth process itself is reasonable.

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“…The existence of these MSPs was proven by in situ measurements on sounding rockets (e.g., Havnes et al, 1996;Rapp et al, 2012), by spectrometers on board satellites (Hervig et al, 2009) and by means of incoherent-scatter radars (Strelnikova et al, 2007). MSPs have effects on the nucleation of ice particles in the mesosphere (e.g., Wilms et al, 2016, and references therein) and influences on the ionospheric charge balance Baumann et al, 2013;Plane et al, 2014;Asmus et al, 2015) and ion chemistry (Baumann et al, 2015) of the D region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secondary electron emission from meteoric smoke particles inside the polar ionosphere

2016

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Abstract. The charging by secondary electron emission (SEE) from particles is known as a significant charging process in astrophysical plasmas. This work aims at evaluating the significance of SEE for charging of meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) in the Earth's polar atmosphere. Here, the atmosphere is subject to a bombardment of energetic electrons from the magnetosphere (and partly the sun). We employ the SEE formalism to MSPs in the upper mesosphere using electron precipitation fluxes for three different precipitation strengths. In addition, we address the possible effect of tertiary electron emission (TEE) from MSPs induced by atmospheric secondary electrons for one precipitation case. The SEE and TEE rates from MSPs of different sizes are compared to plasma attachment and photodetachment and photoionization rates of MSPs. The needed concentration of electrons and ions have been modeled with the Sodankylä Ion and Neutral Chemistry (SIC) model with included electron precipitation spectra as an additional ionization source. We find that secondary electron emission from MSPs is not a relevant charging mechanism for MSPs. The electron attachment to MSPs and photodetachment of negatively charged MSPs are the most important processes also during energetic electron precipitation.

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Charge balance for the mesosphere with meteoric dust particles

Cited by 13 publications

References 51 publications

Estimate of size distribution of charged MSPs measured in situ in winter during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign

Estimate of size distribution of charged MSPs measured in situ in winter during the WADIS-2 sounding rocket campaign

Comparison of retrieved noctilucent cloud particle properties from Odin tomography scans and model simulations

Secondary electron emission from meteoric smoke particles inside the polar ionosphere

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