Charge–discharge stability of graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Wang, Chunsheng; Appleby, A.J.; Little, Frank E.

doi:10.1016/s0022-0728(00)00447-2

Cited by 138 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…S3 (Supporting Information). These results show that current rate capability of N doped (FLG-CN) electrode material is far improved as compared to pristine graphene and previously reported anode materials such as graphite, 37 graphene nanosheets, 38,39 , nitrogen doped graphene nanosheets, 13 carbon nanotubes, 6,35 and carbon nanobeads. 5 It has been observed that N doped (FLG-CN) electrode gives more capacity contribution above 0.5 V (lithium adsorption on defects, edges and micropores) than those below 0.5 V (lithium intercalation) at high current densities.…”

Section: Electrochemical Studysupporting

confidence: 62%

Synthesis of a nitrogen rich (2D–1D) hybrid carbon nanomaterial using a MnO₂ nanorod template for high performance Li-ion battery applications

2015

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A novel strategy is developed to synthesis nitrogen rich (few layer graphene-carbon nanotube) [N-(FLG-CN)] hybrid material with the help of self-degradable MnO 2 nanorod templates for the application of high performance and long cyclic stability anode electrode in Li ion batteries. During the synthesis procedure, the surfaces of MnO 2 nanorods and few layer graphene (FLG) are non-covalently functionalized with a anionic and cationic polyelectrolytes, respectively for proper mixing of the constituents. Polymerization of this one and two dimensional hybrid composite with a nitrogen containing polymer and subsequent pyrolysis at 800 °C temperture lead to the formation of highly porous nitrogen doped-(FLG-CN) hybrid nanocomposite with a nitrogen doping level of 9.3 wt. %. The N-(FLG-CN) electrode material in Li ion batteries displays superior reversible capacities of 739 mAh g -1 after 30 th cycle at the current density of 100 mA g -1 and 445 mAh g -1 after 500 th cycle at the high current density of 500 mA g -1 . As compared to pristine graphene material, N doped (FLG-CN) hybrid material shows two times enhancement in specific capacity at high current densities (~ 5000 mA g -1 ) and long cyclic stability (1000 cycles). The highly defective and porous 1D-2D morphology of N-(FLG-CN) hybrid structure gives more adsorption sites for lithium ions, meanwhile nitrogen doping significantly reduces the charge transfer resistance of graphene based electrodes.

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Section: Electrochemical Studysupporting

confidence: 62%

Synthesis of a nitrogen rich (2D–1D) hybrid carbon nanomaterial using a MnO₂ nanorod template for high performance Li-ion battery applications

2015

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“…All the impedance spectra have similar features: a medium-to-high frequency depressed semicircle and an inclined low frequency line, a behavior that is in good agreement with previously reported impedance spectra of silicon nanowires. [ 7 ] The inclined line in the low-frequency region represents the lithium diffusion impedance, [ 28 ] while the depressed semicircle is attributed to the overlap between the SEI fi lm and the interfacial charge transfer impedance. [ 7 ] Impedance studies revealed that the total SEI and charge transfer resistances increase at fi rst and then decrease after the 3rd cycle, although the capacity continuously decreases during the charge/discharge cycles.…”

Section: Cyclic Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Patterned 3D Silicon Anode Fabricated by Electrodeposition on a Virus-Structured Current Collector

et al. 2010

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Electrochemical methods were developed for the deposition of nanosilicon onto a 3D virus-structured nickel current collector. This nickel current collector is composed of self-assembled nanowire-like rods of genetically modifi ed tobacco mosaic virus (TMV1cys), chemically coated in nickel to create a complex high surface area conductive substrate. The electrochemically deposited 3D silicon anodes demonstrate outstanding rate performance, cycling stability, and rate capability. Electrodeposition thus provides a unique means of fabricating silicon anode materials on complex substrates at low cost.

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“…22 The open circuit potentials for the reactions (U I and U II in Table II) were determined from data in the literature. 19,20,22,23 Both are given with respect to a Li|Li + electrode and correspond to the average open circuit potential of the reaction. This simplification to the open circuit potential is necessary for incorporation into the simple model.…”

Section: Electrode Design Considerations-the Results Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Considerations for Improving the Pulse Power of a Battery through the Addition of a Second Electrochemically Active Material

Knehr

West

2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Porous electrode theory is used to conduct case studies for when the addition of a second electrochemically active material can improve the pulse-power performance of an electrode. Case studies are conducted for the positive electrode of a sodium metal-halide battery and the graphite negative electrode of a lithium "rocking chair" battery. The replacement of a fraction of the nickel chloride capacity with iron chloride in a sodium metal-halide electrode and the replacement of a fraction of the graphite capacity with carbon black in a lithium-ion negative electrode were both predicted to increase the maximum pulse power by up to 40%. In general, whether or not a second electrochemically active material increases the pulse power depends on the relative importance of ohmic-to-charge transfer resistances within the porous structure, the capacity fraction of the second electrochemically active material, and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the two active materials. To accelerate an electric vehicle, an important requirement of a battery is the ability to deliver high power pulses at all depths of discharge.1-3 Nevertheless, a high power pulse can be difficult to achieve, especially at high depths of discharge (DoD). In some cases, high power is difficult to achieve at high DoD because of an increase in the ohmic resistance during discharge. The ohmic resistance increases due to the movement of the reaction fronts within the electrodes from more favorable (less resistive) to less favorable (more resistive) locations.4,5 For instance, this behavior has been documented in the positive electrode of sodium metal-halide batteries, where the low resistivity of the electrode (nickel and/or iron) and the higher resistivity of the electrolyte (sodium tetrachloroaluminate) cause the reaction front to move from the separator to the current collector during discharge. 6,7 At high DoD, the reaction front is far from the separator and the ionic path length is increased, which increases the overall ohmic resistance in the electrode.One way to improve the pulse-power performance of an electrode is through the addition of a second active material that only reacts at higher DoD.7,8 A schematic of this concept is shown in Figure 1. Part a) shows the discharge and pulse-power process of an electrode with one active material. In this case, the reaction front starts near the separator and moves deeper into the electrode as the cell is discharged. When the electrode is pulsed at the high DoD, the reaction occurs deep within the electrode and there are high ohmic losses due to the increased ionic path length. In contrast, part b) shows the discharge and pulsepower process for an electrode with two active materials. For this case, the same initial behavior is observed, whereby the reaction front moves from the separator to the current collector during discharge. However, during the initial discharge, the second active material does not react. Therefore, when the electrode is pulsed at a high DoD, the high ohmic losses are avoided b...

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Charge–discharge stability of graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 138 publications

References 10 publications

Synthesis of a nitrogen rich (2D–1D) hybrid carbon nanomaterial using a MnO₂ nanorod template for high performance Li-ion battery applications

Synthesis of a nitrogen rich (2D–1D) hybrid carbon nanomaterial using a MnO₂ nanorod template for high performance Li-ion battery applications

A Patterned 3D Silicon Anode Fabricated by Electrodeposition on a Virus-Structured Current Collector

Theoretical Considerations for Improving the Pulse Power of a Battery through the Addition of a Second Electrochemically Active Material

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Charge–discharge stability of graphite anodes for lithium-ion batteries

Cited by 138 publications

References 10 publications

Synthesis of a nitrogen rich (2D–1D) hybrid carbon nanomaterial using a MnO2 nanorod template for high performance Li-ion battery applications

Synthesis of a nitrogen rich (2D–1D) hybrid carbon nanomaterial using a MnO2 nanorod template for high performance Li-ion battery applications

A Patterned 3D Silicon Anode Fabricated by Electrodeposition on a Virus-Structured Current Collector

Theoretical Considerations for Improving the Pulse Power of a Battery through the Addition of a Second Electrochemically Active Material

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Product

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Synthesis of a nitrogen rich (2D–1D) hybrid carbon nanomaterial using a MnO₂ nanorod template for high performance Li-ion battery applications

Synthesis of a nitrogen rich (2D–1D) hybrid carbon nanomaterial using a MnO₂ nanorod template for high performance Li-ion battery applications