Charge Photogeneration in Organic Solar Cells

Clarke, Tracey M.; Durrant, James R.

doi:10.1021/cr900271s

Cited by 2,168 publications

(2,598 citation statements)

References 231 publications

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“…Among others, charge generation and charge recombination might be two most fundamental yet most debated issues. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] The difficulty in understanding charge generation in PSCs is rooted in the low dielectric constant of organic materials. Low dielectric constant results in weak dielectric screening of the Coulombic attraction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge generation in polymer–fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Gao

Inganäs

2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

204

252

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Charge generation in organic solar cells is a fundamental yet heavily debated issue. This article gives a balanced review of different mechanisms proposed to explain efficient charge generation in polymer-fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells. We discuss the effect of charge-transfer states, excess energy, external electric field, temperature, disorder of the materials, and delocalisation of the charge carriers on charge generation. Although a general consensus has not been reached yet, recent findings, based on both steady-state and transient measurements, have significantly advanced our understanding of this process.2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge generation in polymer–fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Gao

Inganäs

2014

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

204

252

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“…11,12 N-type semiconducting properties have been profusely studied either for 3,6-diphenyl-s-tetrazine (Ph 2 Tz, see Chart 1) and other diaryl-s-tetrazines (Ar 2 Tz). 3,4,7,8,[13][14][15][16][17] An essential drawback of Ar 2 Tz to suitably act as a n-type organic semiconductor concerns the localized character of the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) which does not allow an easy accommodation of an extra electron (see Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bis(arylene-ethynylene)-s-tetrazines: A Promising Family of n-Type Organic Semiconductors?

et al. 2015

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We theoretically describe in this work the n-type semiconducting behavior of a set of bis(arylene-ethynylene)-s-tetrazines ((ArCC) 2 Tz), by comparing their electronic properties with those of their parent diaryl-s-tetrazines (Ar 2 Tz) after the introduction of ethynylene bridges. The significantly reduced internal reorganization energy for electron transfer is ascribed to an extended delocalization of the LUMO for (ArCC) 2 Tz as opposite to that for Ar 2 Tz, which was described mostly localized on the s-tetrazine ring. The largest electronic coupling and the corresponding electron transfer rates found 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 2 for bis(phenyl-ethynylene)-s-tetrazine, as well as for some halogenated derivatives, are comparable to those reported for the best performing n-type organic semiconductors materials such as diimides and perylenes. The theoretical mobilities for the studied compounds turn out to be in the range 0.3 -1.3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , close to values experimentally determined for common n-type organic semiconductors used in real devices. In addition, ohmic contacts can be expected when these compounds are coupled to metallic cathodes such as Na, Ca and Sm. For these reasons, the future application of semiconducting bis(phenyl-ethynylene)-s-tetrazine and its fluorinated and brominated derivatives in optoelectronic devices is envisioned.

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“…Light absorption by the polymer has been largely improved towards the near infrared (NIR) spectral region by the introduction of low-bandgap co-polymers 4,5 . Exciton dissociation, however, remains to be understood and has recently been the subject of several investigations [6][7][8][9][10] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Structural correlations in the generation of polaron pairs in low-bandgap polymers for photovoltaics

et al. 2012

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Polymeric semiconductors are materials where unique optical and electronic properties often originate from a tailored chemical structure. This allows for synthesizing conjugated macromolecules with ad hoc functionalities for organic electronics. In photovoltaics, donoracceptor co-polymers, with moieties of different electron affinity alternating on the chain, have attracted considerable interest. The low bandgap offers optimal light-harvesting characteristics and has inspired work towards record power conversion efficiencies. Here we show for the first time how the chemical structure of donor and acceptor moieties controls the photogeneration of polaron pairs. We show that co-polymers with strong acceptors show large yields of polaron pair formation up to 24% of the initial photoexcitations as compared with a homopolymer (η = 8%). π-conjugated spacers, separating the donor and acceptor centre of masses, have the beneficial role of increasing the recombination time. The results provide useful input into the understanding of polaron pair photogeneration in low-bandgap co-polymers for photovoltaics.

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Charge Photogeneration in Organic Solar Cells

Cited by 2,168 publications

References 231 publications

Charge generation in polymer–fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Charge generation in polymer–fullerene bulk-heterojunction solar cells

Bis(arylene-ethynylene)-s-tetrazines: A Promising Family of n-Type Organic Semiconductors?

Structural correlations in the generation of polaron pairs in low-bandgap polymers for photovoltaics

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